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Vitamin B-12 is one of eight B vitamins which is important for the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid synthesis and energy production.
It is one of the most alluring and fascinating molecules in the world of science and medicine.
B12的结构十分复杂。它的结构的阐明和合成途径是由Robert Burns Woodward and Albert Eschenmoser两位科学家带领100多名学生和博士后研究花了数年时间才得以完成。他们的工作因此也获得了1965年的诺贝尔化学奖。
动物和植物都不能自身合成维生素B12,只有细菌具有合成维生素B12的能力。能合成维生素的细菌有:Aerobacter, Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Clostridium, Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, Micromonospora, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium, Protaminobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Salmonella, Serratia, Streptomyces, Streptococcus and Xanthomonas. 需要注意的是,E. coli不能合成维生素B12.
工业上生产B12即是通过微生物发酵的方式进行的。目前用得最多是脱氮假单胞菌(Pseudomonas denitrificans )和Propionibacterium shermanii.
这里推荐两篇文献:
1、
摘要:One of the most alluring and fascinating molecules in the world of science and medicine is vitamin B
2、Woodward’s Synthesis of Vitamin B12
摘要:The synthesis of this molecule was a landmark in organic synthesis. It involved the masterful control of shapes of molecules to create 9 chiral centres with known absolute and relative configurations. The concepts of absolute and induced asymmetric synthesis are here explained.
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