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斑马鱼和青鳉鱼都是模式生物界冉冉升起的新星。尤其是斑马鱼,这种水生生物的外表和哺乳动物相比,简直风马牛不相及,为什么越来越多的用于疾病领域呢?
研究显示,斑马鱼和人类基因组的同源性高达 70% 以上。斑马鱼的基因组与人类疾病相关基因的相似性高达 80%。和人相比,斑马鱼的生理机能非常保守 (有时候比啮齿类动物更保守),如心脏电生理学。
以
DMSO 为例,细胞实验中一般不超过 0.1%,而斑马鱼胚胎和幼体通常暴露于高达 1% DMSO 环境中,斑马鱼毒性实验中,胚胎对 2.5%
DMSO 耐受性都很好。友情提示,大多数胚胎孵育,DMSO 终浓度还是控制在 0.1% 以下的哟。不要轻易在危险的边缘试探哟!
青鳉个体小、繁殖快、近交品系多、突变体多,有完整的基因组序列,与大多数鱼类不同,青鳉具有二倍体染色体结构,是唯一拥有雄性性别决定基因和雌性决定基因的脊椎动物。多种干细胞系的建立为研究基因功能所需的细胞生物学研究提供了良好的平台。ZFN
和 TALENs,尤其是 CRISP Cas9 技术在青鳉中均已成功应用。越来越多的学者以青鳉为模式物种进行生殖细胞发育等功能研究。
参考文献
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