小编导读

纳米加工是制造各种功能纳米材料的一个快速发展的领域。在过去的三十年里，随着纳米科学和纳米工程的发展，各种各样的化学和物理方法被开发用于纳米制造，Janus结构的简易制备是纳米加工领域最困难的挑战之一。来自上海科技大学材料与工程学院的研究人员在期刊Materials Highlights (ISSN: 2666-4933)上发表了题为“Nanofabrication of Janus Fibers through Side-by-Side Electrospinning - A Mini Review”的文章，对Janus纳米纤维的制备进行了评述。

要点介绍

纳米加工的三个最重要的发展方向是：（1）越来越小的皮米技术；(2）更复杂的纳米结构和器件；以及（3）更有序的纳米产品，例如各种无机纳米管阵列和定向纳米纤维。在这些方向中，Janus纳米结构（如Janus纳米纤维和Janus纳米颗粒）的简易和可靠的制备是最困难的挑战之一。

如图1所示，Janus结构反映了两部分的空间并列关系，存在于从地球（一边黑一边白）到叶子（一边储存一边光合作用），到细胞壁卵磷脂双层结构，再到DNA双螺旋结构的所有物质尺度。在Janus世界中，纳米尺度的Janus产品是目前开发新型功能纳米材料的热点话题。本文简述了Janus纳米纤维的制备方法、功能化策略及其进一步发展方向。

图1. Janus世界：从地球到树叶，再到细胞壁的卵磷脂双层结构，再到DNA双螺旋结构。

图2. “自上而下”和“自下而上”纳米制造路线图。

图3. 随着偏心纺丝头的发展，多流体静电纺丝工艺的几种可能性：（A）具有一侧核壳结构的Janus结构；(B）三层Janus结构；(C）具有Janus核的核-壳结构；(D）双侧核壳结构的Janus结构。

研究结论：Janus纳米纤维的制备一直是纳米加工领域的一大挑战。最近关于偏心纺丝头并列静电纺丝的研究提出了一种简单有效的解决方案。有关文献表明，静电纺Janus纳米结构能够提供许多策略来赋予和定制纳米纤维的功能特性。特别是，Janus纤维对于设计新型药物纳米材料非常有用，提供多种成分的协同作用可能。基于偏心轴喷丝头的概念，可以进一步开发一些新型的多流体静电纺丝工艺和并列电喷工艺，并相应地创造一些全新的复杂多室纳米结构。这些复杂的结构将为未来开发高级功能纳米材料提供更强大的平台。新的复合结构可以进一步改善双室结构Janus纤维的潜在应用或优异性能（如能源和环境）。

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原文信息

H. Lv, D. Yu, M. Wang, T. Ning， "Nanofabrication of Janus Fibers through Side-by-Side Electrospinning - A Mini Review", Materials Highlights, 2021, DOI: 10.2991/mathi.k.210212.001.

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