摘自https://news.sjtu.edu.cn/mtjj/20210412/145693.html

●Astronomy 天文学

1. How many dimensions are there in space? 空间中有多少个维度？

2. What is the shape of the universe? 宇宙的形状是怎样的？

3. Where did the big bang start? 大爆炸从何处开始？

4. Why don't the orbits of planets decay and cause them to crash into each other? 为什么行星的轨道不衰减并导致它们相互碰撞？

5. When will the universe die? Will it continue to expand? 宇宙何时消亡？它会继续膨胀吗？

6. Is it possible to live permanently on another planet? 我们有可能在另一个星球上长期居住吗？

7. Why do black holes exist? 为什么存在黑洞？

8. What is the universe made of? 宇宙是由什么构成的？

9. Are we alone in the universe? 我们是宇宙中唯一的生命体吗？

10. What is the origin of cosmic rays? 宇宙射线的起源是什么？

11. What is the origin of mass? 物质的起源是什么？

12. What is the smallest scale of space-time? 时空的最小尺度是是多少？

13. Is water necessary for all life in the universe, or just on Earth? 水是宇宙中所有生命所必需的么，还是仅对地球生命？

14. What is preventing humans from carrying out deep-space exploration? 是什么阻止了人类进行深空探测？

15. Is Einstein's general theory of relativity correct? 爱因斯坦的广义相对论是正确的吗？

16. How are pulsars formed? 脉冲星是如何形成的？

17. Is our Milky Way Galaxy special? 我们的银河系特别吗？

18. What is the volume, composition, and significance of the deep biosphere? 深层生物圈的规模、组成和意义是什么？

19. Will humans one day have to leave the planet (or die trying)? 人类有一天会不得不离开地球吗，还是会在尝试中死去？

20. Where do the heavy elements in the universe come from? 宇宙中的重元素来自何处？

21. Is it possible to understand the structure of compact stars and matter? 有可能了解致密恒星和物质的结构吗？

22. What is the origin of the high-energy cosmic neutrinos? 高能宇宙中微子的起源是什么？

23. What is gravity? 什么是重力？

●Physics 物理学

1. Is there a diffraction limit? 有衍射极限吗？

2. What is the microscopic mechanism for high-temperature superconductivity? 高温超导的微观机理是什么？

3. What are the limits of heat transfer in matter? 物质传热的极限是什么？

4. What are the fundamental principles of collective motion? 集体运动的基本原理是什么？

5. What are the smallest building blocks of matter? 什么是物质的最小组成部分？

6. Will we ever travel at the speed of light? 我们会以光速行驶吗？

7. What is quantum uncertainty and why is it important? 什么是量子不确定性，为什么它很重要？

8. Will there ever be a theory of everything? 会有“万物理论”吗？

9. Why does time seem to flow in only one direction? 为什么时间似乎只朝一个方向流动？

10. What is dark matter? 什么是暗物质？

11. Can we make a real, human-size invisibility cloak? 我们可以制作出真人大小的隐形斗篷吗？

12. Are there any particles that behave oppositely to the properties or states of photons? 是否存在与光子性质或状态相反的粒子？

13. Will the Bose-Einstein condensate be widely used in the future? 玻色-爱因斯坦冷凝体未来会被广泛使用吗？

14. Can humans make intense lasers with incoherence comparable to sunlight? 人类能制造出与太阳光相似的非相干强激光吗？

15. What is the maximum speed to which we can accelerate a particle? 我们最多可以将粒子加速到多快？

16. Is quantum many-body entanglement more fundamental than quantum fields? 量子多体纠缠比量子场更基本吗？

17. What is the optimum hardware for quantum computers? 量子计算机的最佳硬件是什么？

18. Can we accurately simulate the macro- and microworld? 我们可以精确模拟宏观和微观世界吗？

●Chemistry 化学

2. Will the periodic table ever be complete? 元素周期表会完整吗？

5. Why does life require chirality? 为什么生命需要手性？

9. What drives reproduction in living systems? 是什么驱动生命系统的复制？

●Biology 生命科学

15. Is de-extinction possible? 能否复活灭绝生物？

●Information Science 信息科学

4. Does DNA act as an information storage medium? DNA用作信息存储介质吗？

●Engineering & Material Science 工程与材料科学

2. How can we break the current limit of energy conversion efficiencies? 我们如何突破当前的能量转换效率极限？

●Neuroscience 神经科学

2. Where does consciousness lie? 意识存在于何处？

11. Is it possible to predict the future? 有可能预知未来吗？

●Ecology 生态学

3. What creates the Earth's magnetic field, and why does it move? 是什么创造了地球的磁场，为什么它会移动？

●Energy Science 能源科学

3. Will cold fusion ever be possible? 冷聚变有可能实现吗？

●Artificial Intelligence 人工智能

3. Is there a limit to human intelligence? 人类智力是否有极限？