一种巨蟹蛛雌蛛生殖周期中脂质动态的初步研究

Spiders are valuable to humans, not only for their role in health but also as biologic pest controllers. In oviparous species, lipids are the main energy source for embryo development and the growth and survival of larvae. Using the spider Polybetes pythagoricus (Holmberg, 1875) as an experimental model, we studied the fluctuations in lipids and fatty acids occurring in tissues related to vitellogenesis. Different reproductive stages (previtellogenesis, early vitellogenesis, vitellogenesis, and postvitellogenesis) were determined histologically. Gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices were first used in spiders. The midgut diverticula proved to be the organ with the highest lipid concentration, with triacylglycerols as the major component. Phospholipids were the principal lipids transported. In vitellogenesis, a major accumulation of lipids occurred in the ovary, principally phosphatidylethanolamine (41%); it probably synthesized in the midgut diverticula before being released into the hemolymph for transport and accumulation in the ovary. Phosphatidylethanolamine is possibly involved in maintaining membrane fluidity and in the function of the electron transport chain. The principal fatty acids in the different organs were palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids. During vitellogenesis, the ovaries become enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The lipid patterns in the male midgut diverticula, muscle, and hemolymph were similar to those of the previtellogenic or postvitellogenic females.

蜘蛛对人类来说很有价值，不仅因为它们在健康方面的作用，而且还因为它们是生物害虫控制者。在卵生物种中，脂质是胚胎发育和幼虫生长和存活的主要能量来源。以巨蟹蛛科蜘蛛Polybetes pythagoricus (Holmberg，1875)为实验模型，研究了与卵黄发生相关的组织中脂质和脂肪酸的波动。对不同生殖阶段(卵黄发生前、卵黄发生早期、卵黄发生时和卵黄发生后)进行了组织学测定。性腺指数和肝体指数首次用于蜘蛛。中肠憩室是脂肪含量最高的器官，三酰甘油是主要成分。磷脂是转运的主要脂质。在卵黄发生过程中，脂质主要积累在卵巢，主要是磷脂酰乙醇胺(41%)，可能是在中肠憩室合成，然后释放到血淋巴中在卵巢中运输和积累。磷脂酰乙醇胺可能参与维持膜流动性和电子传输链的功能。不同器官中的主要脂肪酸为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸和亚油酸。在卵黄形成过程中，卵巢富含多不饱和脂肪酸。雄性中肠憩室、肌肉和血淋巴的脂质类型与卵黄形成前或卵黄形成后的雌性相似。

Romero, S., Laino, A., Arrighetti, F., Cunningham, M., Garcia, C., 2018. First study on lipid dynamics during the female reproductive cycle of Polybetes pythagoricus (Araneae Sparassidae).