祝大家春节快乐，虎年顺利安康。

Amazing Photons.pdf

经过六年多的辛勤耕耘探索，提出的根本性创新的理论逐渐得到主流认可。

对精细结构常数、光子、自旋和真空极化的理论认识方面取得了根本性的突破性进展，同时提出了改进的不确定性原理。该理论进步加上先前在理解光子和自由空间方面取得的进展将会对量子通信，量子计算，精密测量，天文学，加速器，对撞机和核聚变物理理论和技术研发产生深远影响。

为了更好认识光子的内部结构和相互感应的振荡电场和磁场，本文提出了一个动态的基本电荷偶极子模型，一对旋转的具有相反电荷符号的基本单位电荷粒子。成对的基本单位电荷粒子由电吸引力提供旋转向心力，从而形成动态基本电荷偶极子，实现相对稳定的轨道运动，其质心也以恒定速度漂移。通过结合机械和电磁分析，推导出了广泛接受的索末菲精细结构常数公式。推导结果表明，精细结构常数是动态基本电荷偶极子的半径与其相对应的光子半径之比，也恰好等于动态基本电荷偶极子内部的自旋角频率与其光子运动的相应角频率之比。在自旋的影响下，在电场和磁场的联合作用下，动态基本电荷偶极子质心的漂移速度被推导出为光速。在推导出的自旋基本单位电荷粒子的最小作用的基础上，提出了一种改进的不确定性原理。与海森堡不确定性原理相比，改进后的不确定性原理可以显著提高科学测量和工程设计的准确度极限。动态基本电荷偶极子内部一个基本单位电荷粒子的自旋能量推导出是其光子能量的一半。自旋基本单位电荷粒子的自旋量子数推导出为半数。自由空间为充满动态基本电荷偶极子的电介质，自然具有电极化率和磁极化率。

感恩这篇论文已被接受将发表在加拿大纯粹与应用科学杂志 2022 年 2 月第 16 卷第 1 期。

http://inspirehep.net/record/2012498

http://inspirehep.net/record/2016195

http://inspirehep.net/record/2021217

http://inspirehep.net/record/2014587

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357838858

Radical breakthroughs in advancing the understanding of the fine structure constant, amazing photons, spin, and vacuum polarization have been made. A modified Uncertainty Principle has been proposed. This theoretical advance plus previous progress in the understanding of amazing photons and free space will have a profound impact on quantum communication, quantum computing, precision measurement, astronomy, accelerator, collider, and nuclear fusion physics theory and technology research and development.

A dynamic elementary dipole model, with a spinning twin elementary unit charge particles having opposite signs of the charges, is proposed to explain the internal structure and the mutually induced oscillating electric and magnetic fields of a propagating photon. The twin elementary unit charge particles under electric attraction force form a dynamic elementary dipole and achieve a relatively stable orbital motion with a constant drifting speed of its mass center. From a combined mechanical and electromagnetic analysis, the widely accepted formula for the fine structure constant is derived. It is revealed that the fine structure constant is the ratio of the radius of the dynamic elementary dipole to the corresponding radius of its photon. The fine structure constant is also derived as the ratio of the spinning angular frequency inside the dynamic elementary dipole to the corresponding angular frequency of its photon.

In the effect of the spin, the drift movement of the mass center of the dynamic elementary dipole, accomplished in the joined action of the electric and the magnetic fields, is derived as the light speed in the free space. Based on the derivation of the least action of the spinning elementary unit charge particle, a modified uncertainty principle is proposed. The modified uncertainty principle permits dramatically increased levels of precision for scientific measurements and engineering design in comparison with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.

The spin energy of the elementary unit charged particle inside the dynamic elementary dipole is derived as just half of the energy of its photon. The quantum number of half for the spinning elementary unit charge particle is deduced. The free space is revealed as a dielectric medium full of dynamic elementary dipoles, having electric and magnetic polarizability naturally.

I am grateful that this paper has been accepted for publication in the Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Science in 02.2022, Vol 16 No.1.

http://inspirehep.net/record/2012498

http://inspirehep.net/record/2016195

http://inspirehep.net/record/2021217

http://inspirehep.net/record/2014587

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357838858