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封面文章 Ac Josephson effect in Corbino-geometry Josephson junctions constructed on Bi2Te3 surface Yunxiao Zhang(张云潇), Zhaozheng Lyu(吕昭征), Xiang Wang(王翔), Enna Zhuo(卓恩娜), Xiaopei Sun(孙晓培), Bing Li(李冰), Jie Shen(沈洁), Guangtong Liu(刘广同), Fanming Qu(屈凡明), and Li Lü(吕力) Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31 (10): 107402 文章亮点介绍 拓扑量子计算是一个竞争激烈、受到广泛关注的研究领域。其中基于拓扑材料的约瑟夫森结由于可能存在马约拉纳零能模,并且可能用来进一步构建拓扑量子比特,使其成为重要的研究分支。为了操控马约拉纳零能模,研究它们的非阿贝尔交换统计性质以及实现拓扑量子比特,一种基于拓扑绝缘体的Corbino几何构型约瑟夫森结的实验方案被从理论上提出。这种构型的约瑟夫森结不仅具有屏蔽磁场波动的优点,而且可以保护安德列夫束缚态免受外界环境的影响。 本工作首次成功地在拓扑绝缘体Bi2Te3的表面上制备了Corbino几何构型的约瑟夫森结,并观察到了临界超流随磁场的阶梯状振荡。当添加微波辐照时,电流-电压曲线上出现分数夏皮罗台阶。通过使用电阻分流的约瑟夫森结模型分析实验数据,发现Corbino几何构型的约瑟夫森结表现出高透明度的超流-相位关系,这是器件中存在马约拉纳零能模的一个重要特征。本文的实验结果表明,Corbino几何构型的约瑟夫森结可能是一个研究马约拉纳零能模相关物理的有前景的实验平台。 原文链接 PDF Fig. 1. (a) False-color scanning electron microscope image of the Corbino-geometry JJ used in this experiment. (b) The measured differential resistance dVJ ⁄dIJ as a function of bias current IJ and magnetic field B. (c) (black curve) Differential resistance dVJ ⁄dIJ of the Corbino-geometry JJ as a function of bias current IJ, measured in the presence of microwave irradiation at a frequency of f = 3.5 GHz and a power of Prf = -7.5 dBm. The data are from the linecut in (d) marked by the dashed line. (red curve) The IVC of the junction obtained by numerically integrating the dVJ ⁄dIJ data. The dips on the black curve correspond to the Shapiro steps on the IVC. Not only integer steps but also half-integer steps can be resolved. (d) dVJ ⁄dIJ as a function of dc bias current IJ and rf current Irf at a microwave frequency of f = 3.5 GHz. Both integer Shapiro steps (represented by relatively large white blocks) and half-integer steps with a twisted knot structures (small white blocks) are clearly visible. 亮点文章 Liangwei Wang(王良伟), Kai Wen(文凯), Fangde Liu(刘方德), Yunda Li(李云达), Pengjun Wang(王鹏军), Lianghui Huang(黄良辉), Liangchao Chen(陈良超), Wei Han(韩伟), Zengming Meng(孟增明), and Jing Zhang(张靖) Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31 (10): 103401 文章亮点介绍 在有限温度下,二维量子体系的热涨落和量子涨落作用占主导地位,长程序会消失。因此,在二维系统中会出现许多与三维系统截然不同的有趣物理现象,例如二维玻色气体中的Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT)相变。 本文利用手风琴晶格实验实现了二维单层87Rb超冷气体,并测量了二维BEC中的振荡频率和各向异性。采用声光偏转器(AOD)和非球面透镜将手风琴晶格的周期由26.7 μm调节到3.5 μm,将雪茄形87Rb原子气体装载到二维pancakes单层晶格中,进过2s的绝热压缩,实现了单层准二维87Rb超冷原子,通过飞行展开吸收成像法测量了准二维BEC的各向异性。本文的实验方法可以推广到类似的超冷原子平台,有望为研究二维超冷原子气体中的BKT相变、无序势中的安德森局域化等课题提供实验平台。 原文链接 PDF Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram for the experimental setup. (b) and (c) In situ absorption imaging. 亮点文章 Yinzhe Liu(刘寅哲), Kewei Liu(刘可为), Jialin Yang(杨佳霖), Zhen Cheng(程祯), Dongyang Han(韩冬阳), Qiu Ai(艾秋), Xing Chen(陈星), Yongxue Zhu(朱勇学), Binghui Li(李炳辉), Lei Liu(刘雷), and Dezhen Shen(申德振) Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31 (10): 106101 文章亮点介绍 近年来,宽禁带半导体一维微/纳米结构已成为制备高性能紫外光电探测器的有前景的结构之一。氧化锌(ZnO)材料因其宽的直接带隙、易于制备微纳结构、抗辐射强和饱和电子漂移速率高等特性而在紫外光电探测领域备受关注。尽管基于ZnO微/纳米线的紫外探测器通常具有高的响应度或增益,但是,在微/纳米线的轴向上,载流子可以在外部电场的驱动下自由传输,这通常会产生大的暗电流和低的信噪比。 针对该难题,本文通过化学气相沉积和物理转移技术构建了ZnO微米线同质界面,实现了其载流子输运行为的有效调控。研究表明,与传统无界面的器件相比,具有双界面的ZnO光电探测器的暗电流显著降低了近5个数量级,在45 V下仅为3.52 pA,从而显著提升了其归一化光/暗电流比,达到2.3 × 1010 W−1。此外,该双界面的ZnO光电探测器具有更快的响应速度。微米线-微米线同质界面势垒对载流子输运的调控是导致器件光电探测性能提高的主要原因。本文的研究为高性能光电探测器的设计和开发提供了一种有前景的方法。 原文链接 PDF Fig. 1. The I–t curves of no-interface (black line) and double-interface (blue line) ZnO microwire UV photodetectors on a log scale under 365 nm light illumination at a bias voltage of 45 V. The right inset figure is the schematic diagram of no-interface, and double-interface ZnO microwire photodetectors. 亮点文章 Identification of the phosphorus-doping defect in MgS as a potential qubit Jijun Huang(黄及军) and Xueling Lei(雷雪玲) Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31 (10): 106102 文章亮点介绍 自旋半导体中的点缺陷因在单光子源和量子比特中的大量应用而备受人们关注。金刚石中氮-空位中心(NV色心)在量子传感、量子计算等方面的成功应用激起了科研人员寻找更加优异点缺陷的兴趣。MgS是一种典型的具有类金刚石结构的宽带隙半导体(实验带隙4.45 eV),在实验上已成功制备。受NV色心工作的启发,作者采用第一性原理计算,系统地研究了MgS中磷掺杂点缺陷作为量子比特的可能性,目的是寻找性能优异的候选量子比特。 在MgS晶体中,用一个P原子替换一个S原子构造磷掺杂点缺陷(PS)。计算的缺陷形成能表明在适当的费米能级范围内,存在各种电荷态下的稳定结构。计算的电子结构表明中性的PS0缺陷与正一价的PS+1缺陷分别具有自旋双重态和自旋三重态的基态结构,并且在光激发跃迁中保持自旋结构不变,这是该结构可能作为量子比特的一个关键性特征。另外,本工作也计算了PS0与PS+1点缺陷的零声子线(ZPL)、零场分裂(ZFS)、超精细张量等相关数据,结果显示PS0与PS+1的ZPL处于红外波段,PS+1的ZFS轴向参数D(2920 MHz)属于微波范围,超精细张量的主值随着与缺陷中心距离的增大呈指数衰减。总之,本文通过第一性原理计算表明,MgS晶体中 PS0与PS+1缺陷可作为构建量子系统的量子比特候选者。 原文链接 PDF 图1. 不同电荷态下磷掺杂点缺陷的投影态密度 (PDOS)。 亮点文章 Unusual thermodynamics of low-energy phonons in the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 Zhen Wang(王振), Hengcan Zhao(赵恒灿), Meng Lyu(吕孟), Junsen Xiang(项俊森), Qingxin Dong(董庆新), Genfu Chen(陈根富), Shuai Zhang(张帅), and Peijie Sun(孙培杰) Chin. Phys. B, 2022, 31 (10): 106501 文章亮点介绍 拓扑半金属材料Cd3As2一方面具有非常高的载流子迁移率,另一方面却表现出类似于玻璃材料中具有的异常低的热导率。研究该材料中低能声子的异常热力学行为,揭示低能声子和狄拉克电子的相互关系将为理解上述行为提供重要信息。本研究通过一系列的热力学测量,包括比热、热导率、热膨胀和弹性等,对Cd3As2的低温热力学性质进行了详细研究。实验结果表明,该材料中存在特征频率很低的光学声子,导致Cd3As2的比热在低温下不符合德拜模型的描述,即,C/T 对T2 的曲线不符合线性。我们需要考虑一个较低的爱因斯坦温度才能理解该行为,参考图1(a)。基于热膨胀的测量结果,我们计算了该材料的热力学格林艾森参数。格林艾森参数在100 K 以下急剧下降,并且在10 K 以下趋于负值,这意味着该材料在低温下具有强烈的晶格不安定性,参考图1(b)。 拓扑材料除了具有由特殊的能带结构所带来的异常电子输运性质,在电声耦合的影响下,电子结构也可能对低能晶格热力学性质产生重要的影响,如使热导率降低等。实际上,在其他拓扑半金属材料中也存在着极低热导率的现象,比如ZrTe5。研究这一类材料中低能声子的共性以及低能声子和拓扑电子的关系对于理解拓扑材料中的热力学和输运性质具有重要意义。 原文链接 PDF Fig. 2. Unusual thermodynamics of low-energy phonons revealed by specific heat and thermal expansion. (a) The low-temperature specific heat C(T) deviates strongly from Debye’s T -cube law that is commonly described by a linear dependence of C/T versus T2. (b) Thermal expansion coefficient α and the estimated thermodynamic Gruneisen ratio γ, the latter value shows a drastic drop at T < 100 K and ends up with negative values at T < 10 K. 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