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全球最高引100篇文章系统分析(1亿篇文章筛选出来，总共分7档）
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iNature：对于全球最高引的前100篇文章，篇均引用量是34834.92次；这100篇文章主要聚集在生物化学及分子生物学领域；这100篇文章中，发表在PHYSICAL REVIEW B杂志及JBC杂志都是发表了7篇文章；对于这100篇文章，产出率最高的机构是加州大学；总的来说，这100篇文章主要是聚集在基础研究，如蛋白质的定量，蛋白质的分析，实时定量PCR技术，BLAST的诞生，DNA测序，同源序列比对等方面。iNature编辑组的统计时间是2017年11月26日。
1引用量最高的10000篇文章分析
我们以Web of Science为基础，通过相关的检索，从1874-2018年，总共检索到120611782条记录（图.1）。
图.1 总文章数
我们对于所有的文章进行了分类归档，发现引用次数大于10万次，为第一档，有3篇文章；第二档的引用量是5-10万次，有9篇文章；第三档的引用量是1-5万次，有238篇文章；第四档的引用量是5000-1万次，有748篇文章；第五档的引用量是1000-5000次，有22994篇文章；第六档的引用量是500-1000次，有68509篇文章；第七档的引用量是小于500次，有120519371篇文章（图.2）。
| 文章分档 | 引用次数 | 文章数 | 累加文章数 |
| I | >10万 | 3 | |
| II | 5-10万 | 9 | 12 |
| III | 1-5万 | 238 | 250 |
| IV | 5000-1万 | 748 | 998 |
| V | 1000-5000 | 22994 | 23902 |
| VI | 500-1000 | 68509 | 92411 |
| VII | <500 | 120519371 | 120611782 |
图.2 所有文章的归档分类
之后我们根据引用量从高到底，进行排序，我们筛选了10000条记录（因为Web of Science最多只能一次分析10000条记录），进行相应的统计分析。我们发现每篇文章的平均引用次数是3173.14次，总引用次数是31731393次，施引文献是14692585 （图.3）。另外，我们发现，最高引用文章大部分都聚集在1990-2010年之间，达到了40%以上。
图.3 10000篇文章引用分析
之后，我们看了一下不同时间段，对于这些文章的引用次数分析，发现绝大部分引用都是聚集在1990-2016年之间（图.4）。
图.4 10000篇文章不同时间段引用分析
由于分析10000篇文章，工作量太大，我们就直接分析前100篇文章，发现前100篇文章的平均引用量是34834.92次，总引用次数是3483492次，施引文献达到2627346篇。这100篇文章，占前10000篇的总引用的10.98%，但是总文章数是1.00%，故我们主要分析这100篇文章（图.5）。
图.5 100篇文章引用分析
2引用量最高的100篇文章分析
对于这100文章发表的时间进行分析，我们发现在1950年以前只有4篇，1950-1960年之间，有10篇；1961-1970年，有9篇；1971-2010年，总共有74篇，占了绝大部分；2010年以后，只有3篇文章（图.6），这三篇文章分别是遗传进化（
图.6 100篇文章发表时间分析
其次我们对这100篇文章的种类进行了基本分析，发现生物化学及分子生物学方面有35篇，物理学有15篇，化学有14篇，数学11篇（图.7）。
图.7 100篇文章方向分析
我们再次对这100篇文章发表的杂志进行分析（>3篇），发表在PHYSICAL REVIEW B杂志及JBC杂志都是7篇文章；ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY，JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS，NATURE，NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH都是发表了4篇文章，总的来说，这高引用的100篇文章，大部分都是生物，物理，生物化学及化学方面的文章。另外这9个杂志占了39篇文章（图.8）。
图.8 100篇文章杂志分析
我们再次统计了国家，发现美国有44篇，占了绝大部分，其次是英国，达到9篇；德国有6篇，很遗憾，没有发现有中国参与的文章（图.9）。
图.9 100篇文章国家分布
我们对研究机构统计了一下，发现加州大学系统占的比例最大，达到了7篇，其次是宾夕法尼亚州立大学，达到了4篇（图.10）。
图.10 100篇文章的大学或研究所分析
3引用量最高的100篇文章列表
对于这100篇文章，主要是技术的变革及基础研究，如蛋白质的定量，蛋白质的分析，实时定量PCR技术，BLAST的诞生，DNA测序，同源序列比对等，这些东西都是非常的基础，故这也注定了它们的高引用量（图.11）。
| 标题 | 总引用次数 | 年均引用 | |
| 1 | PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT | 335844 | 5012.6 |
| 2 | CLEAVAGE OF STRUCTURAL PROTEINS DURING ASSEMBLY OF HEAD OF BACTERIOPHAGE-T4 | 244785 | 5099.69 |
| 3 | RAPID AND SENSITIVE METHOD FOR QUANTITATION OF MICROGRAM QUANTITIES OF PROTEIN UTILIZING PRINCIPLE OF PROTEIN-DYE BINDING | 201313 | 4793.17 |
| 4 | DNA SEQUENCING WITH CHAIN-TERMINATING INHIBITORS | 66790 | 1629.02 |
| 5 | DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THERMOCHEMISTRY .3. THE ROLE OF EXACT EXCHANGE | 65244 | 2609.76 |
| 6 | Generalized gradient approximation made simple | 63484 | 2885.64 |
| 7 | SINGLE-STEP METHOD OF RNA ISOLATION BY ACID GUANIDINIUM THIOCYANATE PHENOL CHLOROFORM EXTRACTION | 63161 | 2037.45 |
| 8 | DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLLE-SALVETTI CORRELATION-ENERGY FORMULA INTO A FUNCTIONAL OF THE ELECTRON-DENSITY | 61406 | 2046.87 |
| 9 | A short history of SHELX | 58640 | 5864 |
| 10 | Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(T)(-Delta Delta C) method | 58159 | 3421.12 |
| 11 | ELECTROPHORETIC TRANSFER OF PROTEINS FROM POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS TO NITROCELLULOSE SHEETS - PROCEDURE AND SOME APPLICATIONS | 55121 | 1413.36 |
| 12 | A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF TOTAL LIPIDES FROM ANIMAL TISSUES | 51444 | 843.34 |
| 13 | BASIC LOCAL ALIGNMENT SEARCH TOOL | 49116 | 1754.14 |
| 14 | CLUSTAL-W - IMPROVING THE SENSITIVITY OF PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT THROUGH SEQUENCE WEIGHTING, POSITION-SPECIFIC GAP PENALTIES AND WEIGHT MATRIX CHOICE | 47444 | 1976.83 |
| 15 | Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs | 45557 | 2169.38 |
| 16 | NONPARAMETRIC-ESTIMATION FROM INCOMPLETE OBSERVATIONS | 44604 | 743.4 |
| 17 | MINI-MENTAL STATE - PRACTICAL METHOD FOR GRADING COGNITIVE STATE OF PATIENTS FOR CLINICIAN | 43637 | 1014.81 |
| 18 | A REVISED MEDIUM FOR RAPID GROWTH AND BIO ASSAYS WITH TOBACCO TISSUE CULTURES | 41340 | 738.21 |
| 19 | THE NEIGHBOR-JOINING METHOD - A NEW METHOD FOR RECONSTRUCTING PHYLOGENETIC TREES | 38735 | 1249.52 |
| 20 | A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION | 37927 | 642.83 |
| 21 | REVISED EFFECTIVE IONIC-RADII AND SYSTEMATIC STUDIES OF INTERATOMIC DISTANCES IN HALIDES AND CHALCOGENIDES | 37143 | 884.36 |
| 22 | DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL EXCHANGE-ENERGY APPROXIMATION WITH CORRECT ASYMPTOTIC-BEHAVIOR | 34065 | 1135.5 |
| 23 | SELF-CONSISTENT EQUATIONS INCLUDING EXCHANGE AND CORRELATION EFFECTS | 33872 | 639.09 |
| 24 | Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set | 33658 | 1529.91 |
| 25 | The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. | 33191 | 1037.22 |
| 26 | Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mode | 32667 | 1555.57 |
| 27 | The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC) | 32391 | 2313.64 |
| 28 | DETECTION OF SPECIFIC SEQUENCES AMONG DNA FRAGMENTS SEPARATED BY GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS | 32239 | 749.74 |
| 29 | REGRESSION MODELS AND LIFE-TABLES | 32022 | 696.13 |
| 30 | COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF SUGARS AND RELATED SUBSTANCES | 31882 | 514.23 |
| 31 | RAPID COLORIMETRIC ASSAY FOR CELLULAR GROWTH AND SURVIVAL - APPLICATION TO PROLIFERATION AND CYTO-TOXICITY ASSAYS | 31292 | 894.06 |
| 32 | The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools | 30770 | 1465.24 |
| 33 | HELICAL MICROTUBULES OF GRAPHITIC CARBON | 30386 | 1125.41 |
| 34 | STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT | 29847 | 932.72 |
| 35 | FUZZY SETS | 29740 | 561.13 |
| 36 | CONTROLLING THE FALSE DISCOVERY RATE - A PRACTICAL AND POWERFUL APPROACH TO MULTIPLE TESTING | 29691 | 1290.91 |
| 37 | Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films | 28520 | 2037.14 |
| 38 | INHOMOGENEOUS ELECTRON GAS | 27972 | 518 |
| 39 | CONFIDENCE-LIMITS ON PHYLOGENIES - AN APPROACH USING THE BOOTSTRAP | 27721 | 840.03 |
| 40 | SPECIAL POINTS FOR BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS | 27045 | 643.93 |
| 41 | MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods | 26581 | 3797.29 |
| 42 | USE OF LEAD CITRATE AT HIGH PH AS AN ELECTRON-OPAQUE STAIN IN ELECTRON MICROSCOPY | 25405 | 461.91 |
| 43 | From ultrasoft pseudopotentials to the projector augmented-wave method | 25057 | 1318.79 |
| 44 | MEASUREMENT OF OBSERVER AGREEMENT FOR CATEGORICAL DATA | 25005 | 609.88 |
| 45 | PROJECTOR AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD | 24314 | 1013.08 |
| 46 | MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0 | 24066 | 2187.82 |
| 47 | RELIABILITY OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT DETERMINATIONS BY DODECYL SULFATE-POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS | 23835 | 486.43 |
| 48 | THE ATTRACTIONS OF PROTEINS FOR SMALL MOLECULES AND IONS | 23763 | 344.39 |
| 49 | ISOLATION OF BIOLOGICALLY-ACTIVE RIBONUCLEIC-ACID FROM SOURCES ENRICHED IN RIBONUCLEASE | 23574 | 604.46 |
| 50 | The colorimetric determination of phosphorus | 23420 | 251.83 |
| 51 | Cutoff Criteria for Fit Indexes in Covariance Structure Analysis: Conventional Criteria Versus New Alternatives | 22755 | 1197.63 |
| 52 | Particle swarm optimization | 22586 | 982 |
| 53 | DISC ELECTROPHORESIS .2. METHOD AND APPLICATION TO HUMAN SERUM PROTEINS | 22463 | 415.98 |
| 54 | MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD FROM INCOMPLETE DATA VIA EM ALGORITHM | 22259 | 542.9 |
| 55 | A TECHNIQUE FOR RADIOLABELING DNA RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE FRAGMENTS TO HIGH SPECIFIC ACTIVITY | 21557 | 615.91 |
| 56 | Efficiency of ab-initio total energy calculations for metals and semiconductors using a plane-wave basis set | 21539 | 979.05 |
| 57 | NEW LOOK AT STATISTICAL-MODEL IDENTIFICATION | 21172 | 481.18 |
| 58 | Global Cancer Statistics | 20983 | 2997.57 |
| 59 | A NEW GENERATION OF CA-2+ INDICATORS WITH GREATLY IMPROVED FLUORESCENCE PROPERTIES | 20677 | 626.58 |
| 60 | CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE - REPORT OF THE NINCDS-ADRDA WORK GROUP UNDER THE AUSPICES OF DEPARTMENT-OF-HEALTH-AND-HUMAN-SERVICES TASK-FORCE ON ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE | 20596 | 605.76 |
| 61 | THE ASSESSMENT AND ANALYSIS OF HANDEDNESS: THE EDINBURGH INVENTORY | 20514 | 436.47 |
| 62 | The rise of graphene | 20505 | 1864.09 |
| 63 | Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints | 20258 | 1447 |
| 64 | A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION | 20238 | 348.93 |
| 65 | AN INVENTORY FOR MEASURING DEPRESSION | 20104 | 352.7 |
| 66 | EQUATION OF STATE CALCULATIONS BY FAST COMPUTING MACHINES | 19396 | 298.4 |
| 67 | ESTIMATION OF CONCENTRATION OF LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL IN PLASMA, WITHOUT USE OF PREPARATIVE ULTRACENTRIFUGE | 19380 | 421.3 |
| 68 | HIGH-RESOLUTION 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS OF PROTEINS | 19179 | 446.02 |
| 69 | COMPARISON OF SIMPLE POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS FOR SIMULATING LIQUID WATER | 19023 | 543.51 |
| 70 | THE MOS 36-ITEM SHORT-FORM HEALTH SURVEY (SF-36) .1. CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK AND ITEM SELECTION | 18987 | 730.27 |
| 71 | MicroRNAs: Genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function | 18845 | 1346.07 |
| 72 | PHASE ANNEALING IN SHELX-90 - DIRECT METHODS FOR LARGER STRUCTURES | 18787 | 670.96 |
| 73 | A LOW-COST, HIGH-EFFICIENCY SOLAR-CELL BASED ON DYE-SENSITIZED COLLOIDAL TIO2 FILMS | 18733 | 693.81 |
| 74 | GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS FOR USE IN CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS .1. THE ATOMS BORON THROUGH NEON AND HYDROGEN | 18531 | 639 |
| 75 | OPTIMIZATION BY SIMULATED ANNEALING | 18374 | 524.97 |
| 76 | A NEW METHOD OF CLASSIFYING PROGNOSTIC CO-MORBIDITY IN LONGITUDINAL-STUDIES - DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION | 18044 | 582.06 |
| 77 | MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models | 17994 | 1199.6 |
| 78 | TISSUE SULFHYDRYL GROUPS | 17989 | 304.9 |
| 79 | VMD: Visual molecular dynamics | 17956 | 816.18 |
| 80 | METAANALYSIS IN CLINICAL-TRIALS | 17945 | 560.78 |
| 81 | IMPROVED PATCH-CLAMP TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH-RESOLUTION CURRENT RECORDING FROM CELLS AND CELL-FREE MEMBRANE PATCHES | 17744 | 479.57 |
| 82 | HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT - INSULIN RESISTANCE AND BETA-CELL FUNCTION FROM FASTING PLASMA-GLUCOSE AND INSULIN CONCENTRATIONS IN MAN | 17634 | 534.36 |
| 83 | A SIMPLE METHOD FOR DISPLAYING THE HYDROPATHIC CHARACTER OF A PROTEIN | 17621 | 489.47 |
| 84 | Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses | 17584 | 1172.27 |
| 85 | MEASUREMENT OF PROTEIN USING BICINCHONINIC ACID | 17573 | 532.52 |
| 86 | THE HOSPITAL ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION SCALE | 17458 | 498.8 |
| 87 | STUDY OF THE CONDITIONS AND MECHANISM OF THE DIPHENYLAMINE REACTION FOR THE COLORIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID | 17232 | 277.94 |
| 88 | The Protein Data Bank | 17152 | 952.89 |
| 89 | The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project | 17118 | 778.09 |
| 90 | Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks | 17044 | 852.2 |
| 91 | Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation | 16913 | 2416.14 |
| 92 | ABINITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS FOR LIQUID-METALS | 16788 | 671.52 |
| 93 | Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test | 16785 | 799.29 |
| 94 | DETERMINATION OF SERUM PROTEINS BY MEANS OF THE BIURET REACTION | 16754 | 242.81 |
| 95 | A MATHEMATICAL THEORY OF COMMUNICATION | 16715 | 238.79 |
| 96 | PROCHECK - A PROGRAM TO CHECK THE STEREOCHEMICAL QUALITY OF PROTEIN STRUCTURES | 16710 | 668.4 |
| 97 | MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution | 16619 | 830.95 |
| 98 | MULTIPLE RANGE AND MULTIPLE F TESTS | 16580 | 263.17 |
| 99 | ESTIMATING DIMENSION OF A MODEL | 16551 | 413.78 |
| 100 | A SIMPLE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING EVOLUTIONARY RATES OF BASE SUBSTITUTIONS THROUGH COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES | 16492 | 434 |
图.11 前100篇文章列表
注：所有的数据来源为Web of science。
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https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-3371395-1086912.html
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