文献引文轨迹：分类及测度

杜建，武夷山

摘要：传统引文分析有两点不足：①期刊影响因子、h指数等指标都是以静态的被引次数为基础的，未考虑引用的时间分布。②被引次数是一个从零开始、随时间逐渐累积的过程，引用符合长尾分布。当前基于引文分析的学术热点分析与学术表现评价均关注高被引文献或某引文窗内的总被引次数，忽视了有潜在价值的零被引和低被引论文以及被引次数在时间上的持续程度。

本文就文献引文轨迹的类型及识别方法进行综述，分析曲线拟合和四分位数分布统计等不同方法的优缺点，梳理睡美人文献的基本理论及其测度方法，分析将F1000作为挖掘低被引文献潜在价值数据源的可行性。最后总结目前存在问题，提出有效地识别不同特征的引文轨迹，定量描述睡美人文献，分析有潜在价值的零被引、低被引文献的特征以及探索睡美人文献“突然高被引”的诱发因素的初步思路。

关键词：引文轨迹；睡美人文献；零被引

Citation Trajectory in Scholarly Literature: Patterns andMeasures

Du Jian, Wu Yishan

Abstract: Traditional citation analysis has twolimitations.

Firstly, Journal Impact Factor and h-index are based on cross sectional number of citations but fail to consider the citation history.

Secondly, the traditionalcitation analysis ignores the fact that citations are cumulative over time and thedistribution curve has a long tail. In current research fronts analytics and research evaluations, highly-cited articles and citations in a given time window areoften used as the primary metrics, while less cited articles and the “durability”of scientific papers’ citation tend to be neglected.

This paper reviews thepatterns and classifications of citation trajectory in scholarly literature, andcompares curve fitting, curve clustering with quartiles statistics in detectionand identification of citation trajectory. The measurement of Sleeping Beauties document, an importantsubgroup of papers that follow a specific citation trajectory, is investigated,and F1000 platform is suggested as apotential new data source for assessing the hidden value of less cited papers. Severalaspects remain to be explored in the future: 1) effectively identifyingdifferent type of citation trajectory; 2) quantitatively describing SleepingBeauty literature; 3) analyzing the characteristics of non-cited or less citedarticles; and 4) exploring the factors inducive to the awakening of sleepingbeauties.  

Keywords：Citation trajectory; Sleeping beauties; Non-citedarticles

发表于《情报理论与实践》2015年第7期：

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