城市化使大多数动物体型变小？近日，Nature期刊上发表了标题为“Body-size shifts in aquatic and terrestrial urban communities”的论文，研究者对来自农村和城市的95001个样本进行了分析。论文主要结论是在城市发现的大多数物种比自然物种小，但飞蛾、蝴蝶和包括蚱蜢和蟋蟀在内的另一组动物物种在城市则大一些。具体细节见论文全文（https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0140-0.pdf）。

Body size is intrinsically linked to metabolic rate and life-history traits, and is a crucial determinant of food webs and community dynamics. The increased temperatures associated with the urban-heat-island effect result in increased metabolic costs and are expected to drive shifts to smaller body sizes. Urban environments are, however, also characterized by substantial habitat fragmentation, which favours mobile species. Here, using a replicated, spatially nested sampling design across ten animal taxonomic groups, we show that urban communities generally consist of smaller species. In addition, although we show urban warming for three habitat types and associated reduced community-weighted mean body sizes for four taxa, three taxa display a shift to larger species along the urbanization gradients. Our results show that the general trend towards smaller-sized species is overruled by filtering for larger species when there is positive covariation between size and dispersal, a process that can mitigate the low connectivity of ecological resources in urban settings. We thus demonstrate that the urban-heat-island effect and urban habitat fragmentation are associated with contrasting community-level shifts in body size that critically depend on the association between body size and dispersal. Because body size determines the structure and dynamics of ecological networks, such shifts may affect urban ecosystem function.