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储能系统是微电网的重要组成部分,它们不仅可以保证微电网的电能质量和可靠性,而且可以降低微电网的能量损耗。在各种储能技术中,电池储能系统(BESS)因其通用性强、响应速度快、能量密度高、效率高等优点而成为一种极具吸引力的技术。
通过在非高峰时段从电网吸收电力,在高峰时段向电网供电,BESS使电网具有调峰/移峰、提高电能质量和缓解阻塞的能力。因此,各种类型的BESS正逐渐融入现代能源系统。但尽管电化学技术在不断进步,BESS的管理和控制仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题。
一般来说,BESS可以由多个电池单元组成。每个单元在与附近单元通信的同时监测自己的状态并控制自己的充电/放电功率。BESS的基本控制目标是在满足电网所需的充放电功率的同时,平衡其所有单元的荷电状态(SoC)。
由于制造工艺和工作条件的不同,即使具有相同的标称规格的电池组也可能表现出不同的特性。因此,在相同的充电/放电功率下,所有电池单元的SoC可能会发生发散。它们的SoC差异最终会导致单元的过充/过放,这不仅会降低系统的效率,而且还会缩短了电池单元的寿命,甚至可能造成危险情况。因此,具有SoC平衡的BESS单元的充放电功率协调控制设计一直是一个活跃的研究课题。
IEEE Fellow,美国弗吉尼亚大学Ferman W. Perry讲席教授林宗利(Zongli Lin)教授等在IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica发表的文章 “Distributed Cooperative Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids” 中,考虑由网络化电池单元组成的BESS,提出了一种基于分布式平均单元状态估计器和分布式平均期望功率估计器的分布式控制设计。
结果表明,通过合理选择设计参数,文章提出的两种分布式估计器都能以任意精度估计出平均信号,在此基础上,BESS的总功率满足期望功率,所有电池单元的SoC在所提出的控制器下达到平衡。
注:文章导读由JAS编辑摘译整理,如有疏漏欢迎指正 Tingyang Meng, Zongli Lin and Yacov A. Shamash, "Distributed Cooperative Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids," IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 606-616, Mar. 2021. ♫ Balancing of the state-of-charge of networked battery units is considered. ♫ The problem is formulated and solved as a distributed control problem. ♫ Distributed average reference power and average unit state estimators are built. ♫ Asymptotic and finite time estimators are proposed and their performance analyzed. ♫ Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithms. 孟汀阳(Tingyang Meng) ,美国弗吉尼亚大学博士研究生。研究方向为多智能体系统的分布式控制及其在微电网中的应用。 林宗利(Zongli Lin, F'07),美国弗吉尼亚大学电机与计算机工程系副主任,Ferman W. Perry讲席教授,IEEE、IFAC、AAAS及CAA的Fellow。研究方向包括非线性控制、鲁棒控制和控制应用。林教授曾任期刊IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control(2001-2003)、IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics(2006-2009)和IEEE Control Systems Magazine(2005-2012)编委;曾当选为IEEE控制系统学会理事会成员(2008-2010,2019-2021),并担任IEEE控制系统学会非线性系统和控制技术委员会主席(2013-2015)。曾任2012年和2018年 International Symposia on Magnetic Bearings的General Chair,和2018年American Control Conference的Program Chair。林教授目前在多个期刊和丛书的编委会任职,包括Automatica、Systems & Control Letters、自动化学报、Science China Information Sciences, 以及Springer/Birkhauser丛书。 Yacov A. Shamash (F'93) received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Imperial College of Sciences and Technology, London, UK in 1973. He is a Professor of electrical and computer engineering at Stony Brook University where he was the founder of the New York State Center for Excellence in Wireless and in Information Technology, and the New Your State Center for Excellence in Advanced Energy Research and Technology (AERTC). He has previously served as the Vice President for Economic Development, the Dean of Engineering and Applied Sciences and the Dean of the Harriman School for Management and Policy. Prior to joining Stony Brook University, he developed and directed the National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for the Design of Analog/Digital Integrated Circuits and also served as Chairman of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Washington State University. He serves on the Board of Directors of Comtech Telecommunications Corp., KeyTronic Corp., and Applied DNA Sciences, Inc. His research interests include model reduction, time-delay systems, robust control and energy systems.Highlights
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