背景1-缺氧响应基因：Plants respond to oxygen deprivation by activating the expression of a set of hypoxia-responsive genes (HRGs). The master regulator of this process is a small group of transcription factors belonging to group VII of the ethylene response factors (ERF-VIIs). 

背景2-植物半胱氨酸氧化酶：ERF-VIIs are highly unstable under aerobic conditions due to the continuous oxidation of their characteristic Cys residue at the N terminus by plant cysteine oxidases (PCOs). Under hypoxia, PCOs are inactive and the ERF-VIIs activate transcription of the HRGs required for surviving hypoxia. 

问题及假设-糖/能量感知途径：However, if the plant exposed to hypoxia has limited sugar reserves, the activity of ERF-VIIs is severely dampened. This suggests that oxygen sensing by PCO/ERF-VII is fine-tuned by another sensing pathway, related to sugar or energy availability. 

主要发现：Here, we show that oxygen sensing by PCO/ERF-VII is controlled by the energy sensor target of rapamycin (TOR). 

结果1-TOR通过磷酸化并激活ERF-VII蛋白，增强ERF-VII介导的HRGs转录激活：Inhibition of TOR by genetic or pharmacological approaches leads to a much lower induction of HRGs. We show that two serine residues at the C terminus of RAP2.12, a major ERF-VII, are phosphorylated by TOR and are needed for TOR-dependent activation of transcriptional activity of RAP2.12. 

结论1：Our results demonstrate that oxygen and energy sensing converge in plants to ensure an appropriate transcription of genes, which is essential for surviving hypoxia. 

结果2-低氧减少ATP，降低TOR活性，减弱ERF-VII介导的HRGs转录激活：When carbohydrate metabolism is inefficient in producing ATPbecause of hypoxia, the lower ATP content reduces TOR activity, thus attenuating the efficiency of induction of HRGs by the ERF-VIIs. 

结论2：This homeostatic control of the hypoxia-response is required for the plant to survive submergence.

植物TOR复合体核心组分RAPTOR和LST8功能缺失突变体在缺氧胁迫下的表型

 摘 要 

doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2212474120

Journal: PNAS

Published date: January 10, 2023