A functionally divergent SOC1 homolog improves soybean yield and latitudinal adaptation

第一作者：Kun Kou

第一单位：广州大学

通讯作者：Fanjiang Kong

 Abstarct 

背景回顾：Soybean (Glycine max) grows in a wide range of latitudes, but it is extremely sensitive to photoperiod, which reduces its yield and ability to adapt to different environments. Therefore, understanding of the genetic basis of soybean adaptation is of great significance for breeding and improvement. 

大豆生长的纬度范围比较广，但其对于光周期又极其敏感，所以会降低其产量和适应不同环境的能力。因此，理解大豆适应性的遗传基础对于大豆的育种和改良具有十分重要的意义。

主要研究：Here, we characterized Tof18 (SOC1a) that conditions early flowering and growth habit under both short-day and long-day conditions. 

本文中，作者研究了大豆中SOC1同源基因Tof18（SOC1a）的功能，发现其在短日照和长日照条件下都能够促进大豆的早花和生长习性。

结果1-同源基因对功能分化：Molecular analysis confirmed that the two SOC1 homologs present in soybeans (SOC1a and SOC1b) underwent evolutionary functional divergence, with SOC1a having stronger effects on flowering time and stem node number than SOC1b due to transcriptional differences. soc1a soc1b double mutants showed stronger functional effects than either of the single mutants, perhaps due to the formation of SOC1a and SOC1b homodimers or heterodimers. 

分子分析显示大豆存在两个SOC1同源基因，分别是SOC1a和SOC1b，并且这两个同源基因之间发生了功能分化：由于转录的差异，SOC1a在开花时间和茎节数量方面的功能要强于SOC1b。soc1a soc1b双突植株表现出比任何一个单突植株更强的功能缺陷表型，可能是SOC1a和SOC1b会形成同型或异型二聚体。

结果2-SOC1a调控大豆的纬度适应：Additionally, Tof18/SOC1a improves the latitudinal adaptation of cultivated soybeans, highlighting the functional importance of SOC1a. The Tof18G allele facilitates adaptation to high latitudes, whereas Tof18^A facilitates adaptation to low latitudes. 

另外，Tof18/SOC1a增强栽培种大豆的纬度适应性，突出了SOC1a基因的功能重要性。Tof18G等位基因能够加速大豆对于高纬度的适应，而Tof18A等位基因则会加速大豆对于低纬度的适应。

结果3-SOC1与FT相互调控：We demonstrated that SOC1s contribute to floral induction in both leaves and shoot apex through inter-regulation with FTs. 

作者发现SOC1s无论是在叶片，还是在茎尖，都会通过与FTs基因的相互调节，作用于大豆的成花诱导。

结果4-SOC1控制大豆茎干生长：The SOC1a-SOC1b-Dt2 complex plays essential roles in stem growth habit by directly binding to the regulatory sequence of Dt1, making the genes encoding these proteins potential targets for genome editing to improve soybean yield via molecular breeding. 

另外，SOC1a-SOC1b-Dt2复合物会通过直接结合到Dt1基因的调控序列上，影响大豆茎干的生长习性，表明这些基因都有潜力作为大豆产量提升的基因编辑靶基因。

结果5-SOC1a等位基因作用于茎节，增加产量：Since the natural Tof18A allele increases node number, introgressing this allele into modern cultivars could improve yields, which would help optimize land use for food production in the face of population growth and global warming.

由于天然的Tof18A等位基因增加了茎节的数量，将该等位基因滲入现代栽培种大豆中能够增加其产量，这将有助于在面对人口增长和全球变暖时，优化用于粮食生产的土地利用。

** 孔凡江 **

doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.046

Journal: Current Biology

Published date: March 08, 2022​