背景回顾：Fruit morphology is an important agronomical trait of many crops. 

主要研究：Here, we identify Sly-miR159 as an important regulator of fruit morphology in tomato, a model species of fleshy-fruit development. 

结果1-Sly-miR159-SlGAMYB2：We show that Sly-miR159 functions through its target SlGAMYB2 to control fruit growth. Suppression of Sly-miR159 and overexpression of SlGAMYB2 result in larger fruits with a reduced length/width ratio, while loss of function of SlGAMYB2 leads to the formation of smaller and more elongated fruits. 

结果2-Sly-miR159-SlGAMYB2-SlGA3ox2-GA：Gibberellin (GA) is a major phytohormone that regulates fruit development in tomato. We show the Sly-miR159-SlGAMYB2 pathway controls fruit morphology by modulating GA biosynthesis. In particular, we demonstrate that Sly-miR159 promotes GA biosynthesis largely through the direct repression of the GA biosynthetic gene SlGA3ox2 by SlGAMYB2. 

结论：Together, our findings reveal the action of Sly-miR159 on GA biosynthesis as a previously unidentified mechanism that controls fruit morphology in tomato.

展望：Modulating this pathway may have potential applications in tomato breeding for manipulating fruit growth and facilitating the process of fruit improvement.

 摘 要 

果实形态是许多作物的重要农艺性状。本文中，作者发现Sly-miR159是肉质果实发育模式物种番茄的果实形态重要调控子。作者的研究揭示Sly-miR159通过其靶基因SLGAmyb2来控制果实生长。Sly-miR159的抑制和SlGAMYB2基因过表达会导致导致果实更大，同时长宽比降低；而SlGAMYB2的功能丧失则导致果实更小，同时变得更加细长。赤霉素（GA）是一种调节番茄果实发育的主要植物激素。作者发现Sly-miR159-SlGAMYB2途径通过调节GA的生物合成来控制果实形态。尤其是，Sly-miR159主要通过降解能够直接抑制GA生物合成基因SlGA3ox2的SlGAMYB2，促进GA的生物合成。综上，本文的研究结果揭示了Sly-miR159通过一种先前并不知晓的机制作用于GA的生物合成，从而调控番茄果实的形态。本文的所报道的番茄果实形态调控机制可能在番茄育种中具有潜在的应用价值，以调控果实生长和促进果实改良进程。