背景回顾：Thlaspi arvense (field pennycress) is being domesticated as a winter annual oilseed crop capable of improving ecosystems and intensifying agricultural productivity without increasing land use. It is a selfing diploid with a short life cycle and is amenable to genetic manipulations, making it an accessible field-based model species for genetics and epigenetics. 

研究目的：The availability of a high-quality reference genome is vital for understanding pennycress physiology and for clarifying its evolutionary history within the Brassicaceae. 

主要研究：Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of var. MN106-Ref with improved gene annotation and use it to investigate gene structure differences between two accessions (MN108 and Spring32-10) that are highly amenable to genetic transformation. 

结果1-基因表达与甲基化：We describe non-coding RNAs, pseudogenes, and transposable elements, and highlight tissue specific expression and methylation patterns. 

结果2-基因组重测序：Resequencing of forty wild accessions provided insights into genome-wide genetic variation and QTL regions were identified for a seedling color phenotype. 

结论：Altogether, these data will serve as a tool for pennycress improvement in general and for translational research across the Brassicaceae.

 摘 要 

菥蓂（Thlaspi arvense），又名遏蓝菜、败酱草，是一种被驯化用作冬季一年生油籽作物，能够在不增加陆地使用量的情况下改善生态系统和增强农业生产。菥蓂是一个自交的二倍体，生命周期较短，比较容易进行遗传操作，是遗传学和表观遗传学研究的田间模式物种。一个可利用的高质量参考基因组对于理解菥蓂的植物生理及阐明其在芸苔科中的演化历史十分重要。本文中，作者报道了菥蓂MN106-Ref品种的染色体水平基因组，并且提出了一个改良版的基因注释，用以研究MN108和Spring32-10之间的基因结构差异，这两个品种都是十分易于遗传转化的材料。作者描述了非编码RNAs、假基因以及转座子元件，并且突出了菥蓂中组织特异性表达和甲基化模式。通过对40份野生菥蓂材料的重测序，作者获得了菥蓂群体的全基因组遗传变异图谱，并鉴定了与幼苗颜色这一表型相关的QTL区域。综上，本文所提供的基因组数据资源将作为一种工具，用于将来对于菥蓂的改良以及不同芸苔科物种的转化研究。