背景回顾：Changes in environmental temperature affect multiple meiotic processes in flowering plants. Polyploid plants derived from whole genome duplication (WGD) have enhanced genetic plasticity and tolerance to environmental stress but face challenges in organizing and segregating doubled chromosome sets. 

主要研究：In this study, we investigated the impact of increased environmental temperature on male meiosis in autotetraploid Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 

结果1-一般温度下：Under low to mildly increased temperatures (5-28 °C), irregular chromosome segregation universally occurred in synthetic autotetraploid Columbia-0 (Col-0). Similar meiotic lesions occurred in autotetraploid rice (Oryza sativaL.) and allotetraploid canola (Brassica napus cv. Westar), but not in evolutionarily derived hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). 

结果2-极端高温下：At extremely high temperatures, chromosome separation and tetrad formation became severely disordered due to univalent formation caused by the suppression of crossing-over.

结果3-高温-同源配对-交换：We found a strong correlation between tetravalent formation and successful chromosome pairing, both of which were negatively correlated with temperature elevation, suggesting that increased temperature interferes with crossing-over predominantly by impacting homolog pairing. 

结果4-高温-染色体轴-联会复合体：We also showed that loading irregularities of axis proteins ASY1 and ASY4 co-localize on the chromosomes of the syn1 mutant and the heat-stressed diploid and autotetraploid Col-0, revealing that heat stress affects the lateral region of synaptonemal complex(SC) by impacting the stability of the chromosome axis. 

结果5-二倍体与同源四倍体比较：Moreover, we showed that chromosome axis and SC in autotetraploid Col-0 are more sensitive to increased temperature than those in diploid Arabidopsis. 

结论：Taken together, our data provide evidence suggesting that WGD negatively affects the stability and thermal tolerance of meiotic recombination in newly synthetic autotetraploid Arabidopsis.

 摘 要 

环境温度的改变影响有花植物多个减数分裂过程。源自于全基因组复制的多倍体植物具有加强的遗传可塑性和对环境胁迫的耐受性，但是在组织和分离两套染色体组时存在困难。本文中，作者研究了同源四倍体拟南芥中，环境温度的增加对于雄性减数分裂的影响。在低温到适度升温情况下（即5-28 °C），人工诱导的Col-0同源四倍体普遍存在染色体不规则分离的现象。同时，人工诱导的同源四倍体水稻和油菜都会发生类似的减数分裂障碍，但是自然演化形成的六倍体小麦没有这个问题。极端高温下，由于交换（crossing over）的抑制导致单价染色体的形成，引起染色体分离和四分体形成的异常。作者发现四价染色体形成和染色体配对成功之间存在比较强的相关性，同时这两个都与温度升高呈负相关，说明环境温度的升高主要通过影响同源配对来干扰染色体交换。作者还发现syn1突变体和热胁迫的二倍体和同源四倍体Col-0中都出现了轴蛋白ASY1和ASY4在染色体上的装载不规则性，说明了热胁迫通过影响染色体轴的稳定性来影响联会复合体的外侧区。此外，作者还发现同源四倍体Col-0中染色体轴和联会复合体对于温度升高会较二倍体拟南芥更加敏感。综上，本文的研究揭示了在新人工合成的同源四倍体拟南芥中，全基因组复制对减数分裂重组的稳定性和耐热性具有负面影响。