背景回顾：Spinach is a nutritious leafy vegetable belonging to the family Chenopodiaceae. 

主要研究：Here we report a high-quality chromosome-scale reference genome assembly of spinach and genome resequencing of 305 cultivated and wild spinach accessions. 

结果1-祖先染色体重构：Reconstruction of ancestralChenopodiaceae karyotype indicates substantial genome rearrangements in spinach after its divergence from ancestral Chenopodiaceae, coinciding with high repeat content in the spinach genome. 

结果2-群体遗传结构：Population genomic analyses provide insights into spinach genetic diversity and population differentiation. 

结果3-GWAS：Genome-wide association studies of 20 agronomical traits identify numerous significantly associated regions and candidate genes for these traits. 

结果4-驯化：Domestication sweeps in the spinach genome are identified, some of which are associated with important traits (e.g., leaf phenotype, bolting and flowering), demonstrating the role of artificial selection in shaping spinach phenotypic evolution. 

结论：This study provides not only insights into the spinach evolution and domestication but also valuable resources for facilitating spinach breeding.

 摘 要 

菠菜属于藜科植物，是一种营养丰富的多叶蔬菜。本文中，作者报道了菠菜的高质量染色体层级参考基因组组装，以及305份包含栽培种和野生菠菜材料的全基因组重测序。通过重建藜科祖先核型，作者发现菠菜在从藜科祖先种分化形成之后，其基因组上发生了大量的重排事件，这与菠菜基因组中的高重复序列含量相一致。群体基因组分析揭示了菠菜群体遗传多样性和群体分化。通过对20个农艺性状进行全基因组关联分析，作者鉴定了这些性状多个显著相关区域和候选基因。通过对菠菜基因组进行驯化扫描，作者发现了其中某些受选择区域与重要性状（如叶片表型、抽薹和开花）相关，表明人工选择在塑造菠菜表型演化过程中发挥了重要作用。本文的研究不仅为菠菜的演化和驯化提供了新的见解，同时也为促进菠菜育种提供了宝贵的资源。