背景回顾：Highly efficient tissue repair is pivotal for surviving damage-associated stress. 

提出问题：Plants generate callus upon injury to heal wound sites, yet regulatory mechanisms of tissue repair remain elusive. 

主要发现：Here, we identified WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX 13 (WOX13) as a key regulator of callus formation and organ adhesion in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). 

基因背景：WOX13 belongs to an ancient subclade of the WOX family, and a previous study shows that WOX13 orthologues in the moss Physcomitrium patens (PpWOX13L) are involved in cellular reprogramming at wound sites. 

结果1-wox13突变体表型：We found that the Arabidopsis wox13 mutant is totally defective in establishing organ reconnection upon grafting, suggesting that WOX13 is crucial for tissue repair in seed plants.

结果2-创伤-WIND1-WOX13：WOX13 expression rapidly induced upon wounding, which was partly dependent on the activity of an AP2/ERF transcription factor, WOUND INDUCED DEDIFFERENTIATION 1 (WIND1). 

结果3-WOX13-WIND2/3-细胞重编程：WOX13 in turn directly upregulated WIND2 and WIND3 to further promote cellular reprogramming and organ regeneration. 

结果4-WOX13-cell wall：We also found that WOX13 orchestrates the transcriptional induction of cell wall-modifying enzyme genes, such as GLYCOSYL HYDROLASE 9Bs, PECTATE LYASE LIKEs and EXPANSINs. Furthermore, the chemical composition of cell wall monosaccharides was markedly different in the wox13 mutant. These data together suggest that WOX13 modifies cell wall properties, which may facilitate efficient callus formation and organ reconnection. 

结果5-苔藓和拟南芥WOX13功能：Furthermore, we found that PpWOX13L complements the Arabidopsis wox13 mutant, suggesting that the molecular function of WOX13 is partly conserved between mosses and seed plants. 

结论：This study provides key insights into the conservation and functional diversification of the WOX gene family during land plant evolution.

 摘 要 

高效的组织修复对于受伤胁迫下的存活至关重要。植物在受伤时会在伤口位置产生愈伤组织，从而来愈合伤口，然而有关组织修复的调控机制仍然不清楚。本文中，作者发现拟南芥WOX13是愈伤组织形成和器官粘合的关键调节因子。WOX13属于WOX家族的古老分枝，先前的研究表明，WOX13在苔藓中的同源基因PpWOX13L参与了伤口部位的细胞重编程。作者发现，拟南芥wox13突变体在嫁接后器官建立重新连接方面存在缺陷，表明WOX13对于种子植物的组织修复至关重要。WOX13基因在创伤后被迅速诱导表达，这种诱导表达部分依赖于AP2/ERF转录因子WIND1的活性。接着，WOX13会反过来直接上调WIND2和WIND3基因的表达，从而进一步促进细胞重编程和器官再生。作者还发现WOX13协调了GLYCOSYL HYDROLASE 9Bs、PECTATE LYASE LIKEs以及EXPANSINs等细胞壁修饰酶编码基因的转录诱导。此外，wox13突变体中细胞壁单糖类的化学组成明显不同。这些数据共同表明了WOX13改变了细胞壁的性质，这可能有助于愈伤组织的高效形成和器官重新连接。另外，作者还发现PpWOX13L能够互补拟南芥wox13突变体的缺陷，表明WOX13的分子功能在苔藓和种子植物之间部分保守。本文的研究为陆地植物演化过程中WOX基因家族的功能保守和多样性提供了重要见解。