背景回顾：Plant immunity is activated upon pathogen perception and often affects growth and yield when it is constitutively active. 

提出问题：How plants fine-tune immune homeostasis in their natural habitats remains elusive.

主要发现：Here, we discover a conserved immune suppression network in cereals that orchestrates immune homeostasis, centering on a Ca²⁺-sensor, RESISTANCE OF RICE TO DISEASES1 (ROD1). 

结果1-ROD1-CAT-ROS清除：ROD1 promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging by stimulating catalase activity, and its protein stability is regulated by ubiquitination. 

结果2-ROD1表型：ROD1 disruption confers resistance to multiple pathogens, whereas a natural ROD1 allele prevalent in indica rice with agroecology-specific distribution enhances resistance without yield penalty. 

结果3-真菌效应子模拟ROD1：The fungal effector AvrPiz-t structurally mimics ROD1 and activates the same ROS-scavenging cascade to suppress host immunity and promote virulence. 

结论：We thus reveal a molecular framework adopted by both host and pathogen that integrates Ca2+ sensing and ROS homeostasis to suppress plant immunity, suggesting a principle for breeding disease-resistant, high-yield crops.

 摘 要 

植物免疫在感知到病原体时被激活，并且植物免疫在组成型激活时，常常会影响到植物的生长和产量。植物在其自然栖息条件下，如何精细调控免疫内稳态还不清楚。本文中，作者在谷物中发现了一个以钙离子感受器ROD1为中心的保守免疫抑制网络，协调免疫内稳态。ROD1通过激活过氧化氢酶的活性，促进活性氧物质ROS的清除，而其蛋白稳定性受到泛素化的调节。ROD1扰乱会赋予植株对于多种病原菌的抗性，而在农业生态特异性分布的籼稻中普遍存在一个自然的ROD1等位基因，能够在不牺牲产量的前提下增强抗性。真菌效应子AvrPiz-t 在结构上与ROD1相似，能够激活相同的ROS清除级联，从而抑制寄主的免疫，促进真菌侵染。因此，本文的研究揭示了一个寄主植物与病原物均采用的分子框架，即通过整合钙离子感知和ROS内稳态来抑制植株的免疫，为未来抗病高产作物的培育提供参考。

 通讯作者 

** 何祖华 **