背景回顾：The enucleated vascular elements of the xylem and the phloem offer an excellent system to test the effect of ploidy on plant function because variation in vascular geometry has a direct influence on transport efficiency. 

提出问题：However, evaluations of conduit sizes in polyploid plants have remained elusive, most remarkably in woody species.

主要研究：We used a combination of molecular, physiological, and microscopy techniques to model the hydraulic resistance between source and sinks in tetraploid and diploid mango trees.

结果1：Tetraploids exhibited larger chloroplasts, mesophyll cells, and stomatal guard cells, resulting in higher leaf elastic modulus and lower dehydration rates despite the high water potentials of both ploidies in the field. 

结果2：Both the xylem and the phloem displayed a scaling of conduits with ploidy, revealing attenuated hydraulic resistance in tetraploids. 

结果3：Conspicuous wall hygroscopic moieties in the cells involved in transpiration and transport indicate a role in volumetric adjustments due to turgor change in both ploidies.

结论：In autotetraploids, the enlargement of organelles, cells, and tissues that are critical for water and photoassimilate transport at long distances, point to major physiological novelties associated with whole-genome duplication.

 摘 要 

因为维管的几何形状变化会直接影响运输效率。因此木质部和韧皮部的无核维管元件为测试倍性对植物功能的影响提供了一个极好的系统。然而，对多倍体植物导管大小的评估仍然难以进行，尤其是在木本植物中。本文中，作者结合分子、生理和显微技术模拟了四倍体和二倍体芒果树的源和库之间的水力阻力。尽管四倍体和二倍体芒果树在田间均具有较高的水势，但是四倍体芒果树的叶绿体、叶肉细胞和气孔保卫细胞更大，因此叶片弹性模量更高、脱水率更低。木质部和韧皮部都显示出导管与倍性的相关，表明四倍体的水力阻力减弱。参与蒸腾和转运的细胞具有明显的壁吸湿结构，表明在两种倍性的芒果树中存在由于膨压变化所导致的细胞体积调整。在同源四倍体中，细胞器、细胞和组织的增大对于植物对水和光同化物的远距离运输是至关重要的，揭示了与全基因组复制相关的主要生理创新。