背景回顾：Cell pluripotency is fundamental to biology. 

提出问题：It has long been known that differentiated somatic plant cells may reacquire pluripotency, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. 

研究系统：In many plant species, a single isolated mesophyll protoplast may regenerate into an entire plant, which is widely used in gene transformation. 

结果1-两个转录因子：Here, we identified two transcription factors whose ectopic activation promotes protoplast regeneration. Furthermore, we found that their expression was induced by protoplast isolation but at a very low frequency. 

结果2-全基因组的基因表达：Using live imaging and single-cell transcriptomics, we show that isolating protoplasts induces enhanced expression variation at the genome level. 

结果3-染色质可及性：Isolating protoplasts also leads to genome-wide increases in chromatin accessibility, which promotes stochastic activation of gene expression and enhances protoplast regeneration. 

结论：We propose that transcriptome chaos with increased expression variability among cells creates a cellular-level evolutionary driver selecting for regenerating cells.

 摘 要 

细胞多能性是生物学的基础。长期以来，人们一直知道已经分化了的植物体细胞可能会重新获得多能性，但其潜在的机制仍不甚清楚。在许多植物物种中，一个分离出来的单个叶肉原生质体可以再生形成一颗完整的植株，该过程被广泛应用于植物的遗传转化体系构建。本文中，作者共鉴定了两种转录因子，它们的异位激活促进了原生质体的再生。此外，作者发现这两个基因的表达受到原生质体分离的诱导，但诱导频率较低。利用活体成像和单细胞转录组学，作者发现分离原生质体诱导了整个基因组水平上的基因增强表达变异。分离原生质体还导致了全基因组水平上的染色质可及性增加，从而促进了基因表达的随机激活，并增强了原生质体的再生。作者认为，细胞之间的转录组混乱和增强的基因表达变异，为再生细胞创造了一种细胞水平上的演化驱动力。

 通讯作者 

** 焦雨铃 **