背景回顾：The superfamily of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes plays key roles in plant evolution and metabolic diversification. 

主要综述：This review provides a status on the CYP landscape within green algae and land plants.

概括特征：The 11 conserved CYP clans known from vascular plants are all present in green algae and several green algae-specific clans are recognized.Clan 71, 72 and 85 remain the largest CYP clans and include many taxa-specific CYP (sub)families reflecting emergence of linage-specific pathways. 

CYP可塑性与演化：Molecular features and dynamics of CYP plasticity and evolution are discussed and exemplified by selected biosynthetic pathways. High substrate promiscuity is commonly observed for CYPs from large families, favoring retention of gene duplicates and neofunctionalization, thus seeding acquisition of new functions.

趋同演化：Elucidation of biosynthetic pathways producing metabolites with sporadic distribution across plant phylogeny reveal multiple examples of convergent evolution where CYPs have been independently recruited from the same or different CYP families, to adapt to similar environmental challenges or ecological niches. Sometimes only a single or a few mutations are required for functional interconversion.

数据库：A compilation of functionally characterized plant CYPs is provided online through the Plant P450 Database (erda.dk/public/vgrid/PlantP450/).

 摘 要 

细胞色素P450超家族CYP酶在植物演化和代谢多样化中扮演着关键作用。本文综述了绿藻和陆地植物中CYP家族的演化情况。维管植物中11个保守的CYP clans在绿藻中均存在，并且绿藻中还存在一些支系特异性的clans。Clan71、72和85是三个最大的CYP clans，包含许多物种特异性的CYP家族和亚家族，反应了支系特异性通路的形成。作者在文中还讨论了CYP可塑性和演化的分子特征和动态，并且选择了一些生物合成通路作为案例说明。来自大家族的CYPs普遍存在较高的底物多样性，这有利于保留重复基因和新功能化的基因，从而成为获得新功能基因的“种子”。不同植物系统发育支系上存在某一代谢产物生物合成途径的零星分布，说明了存在趋同演化的存在，即不同植物物种中的CYPs被独立从同一或不同的CYP家族中招募，以适应类似的环境挑战或生态位。有时，基因功能的相互转变仅需要一个或几个突变即可完成。有关植物详细的P450功能特异性介绍可在“Plant P450 Database”数据库中进行检索。