背景回顾：Genes involved in disease resistance are some of the fastest evolving and most diverse components of genomes. Large numbers of nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes are found in plant genomes and are required for disease resistance. 

研究意义：However, NLRs can trigger autoimmunity, disrupt beneficial microbiota or reduce fitness. It is therefore crucial to understand how NLRs are controlled.

主要发现：Here we show that the RNA-binding protein FPA mediates widespread premature cleavage and polyadenylation of NLR transcripts, thereby controlling their functional expression and impacting immunity. 

结果：Using long-read Nanopore direct RNA sequencing, we resolved the complexity of NLR transcript processing and gene annotation.

结论：Our results uncover a co-transcriptional layer of NLR control with implications for understanding the regulatory and evolutionary dynamics of NLRs in the immune responses of plants.

 摘 要 

参与疾病抗性的基因是基因组演化最快、多态性最高的组份。植物基因组中存在大量的NLR基因，这些基因对于植物的疾病抗性至关重要。但是，NLRs会诱导植物的自发免疫，干扰有益微生物群或降低适应性。因此，理解NLR是如何被控制的十分重要。本文中，作者发现RNA结合蛋白FPA介导了NLR转录本广泛的过早剪切和聚腺苷酸化，从而控制其功能表达，并影响植株免疫。利用长读长的Nanopore直接RNA测序，作者解析了NLR转录本加工的复杂性和基因注释。本文的结果揭示了一个NLR控制的共转路层级，为NLR基因在植物免疫响应中的调控和演化动态提供了新的视野。