The role of transposable elements in the evolution of aluminum resistance in plants

First author: Jorge F Pereira; Affiliations: Embrapa Gado de Leite (奶牛研究所): MG, Brazil

Corresponding author: Peter R Ryan

Aluminium (Al) toxicity can severely reduce root growth and consequently affect plant development and yield. A widespread mechanism by which many species resist the toxic effects of Al relies on the efflux of organic anions (OA; 有机阴离子) from the root apices (根尖) via OA transporters. Several of the genes encoding these OA transporters contain transposable elements (TEs) in the coding sequences or in flanking regions. Some of the TE-induced mutations impact Al resistance by modifying the level and/or location of gene expression so that OA efflux from the roots is increased. The importance of genomic modifications for improving the adaptation of plants to acid soils (酸性土壤) has been raised previously but the growing number of examples linking TEs with these changes requires highlighting. This article reviews the role of TEs in creating genetic modifications that enhance the adaptation of plants to acid soils by increasing the release of organic anions from the root apices. We argue that TEs have been an important source of beneficial mutations that have co-opted OA transporter proteins with other functions to perform this role. These changes have occurred relatively recently in the evolution of many species and likely facilitated their expansion into regions with acidic soils.

铝毒严重减缓植物根系的生长，进而影响植物的发育和产量。许多的植物对于铝毒的耐受性主要依赖于由有机阴离子（OA）转运体介导的根尖部位有机阴离子外流。一些基因编码了这些OA转运蛋白，这些基因在蛋白编码区或者侧翼序列存在着一些 TE的插入。一些由TE诱导的突变可能会通过调控基因的表达水平或部位以增强根中的OA外流来影响植物对铝毒的耐受性。近年来有关通过基因组修饰提升植物对于酸性土壤的适应引起越来越多人的关注，但是有关TE在这些过程中的重要性还没有引起人们足够的重视。本文回顾了有关TE通过增加根尖OA的外流增强植物对酸性土壤的适应性方面的作用。作者认为TE是一种非常重要的有益突变来源，其对OA转运蛋白和其他的一些功能进行了共选择以发挥其在该过程中的作用。这些TE参与的遗传修饰在许多物种的发生的时间比较近，可能促进了这些植物对于酸性土壤区域的适应性。

通讯：Jorge F Pereira（https://www.embrapa.br/en/web/portal/team/-/empregado/315139/jorge-fernando-pereira）

个人简介：1995-1999年，维索萨联邦大学，生物科学学士；1999-2001年，维索萨联邦大学，农业微生物学硕士；2001-2005年，维索萨联邦大学，农业微生物学博士；2008-2009年，澳洲科技企研所植物产业组，博士后；2013-2014年，英国罗瑟姆斯特德研究，博士后。

研究方向：开发和利用分子工具提升热带牧草的抗蚜性、耐酸性及营养品质。

doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ery357

Journal: Journal of Experimental Botany

Published date: 16 October, 2018

（P.S. 原文下载：链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1qFiSsqwlF_7JjmGMbedfhQ  密码:dmu6）