Timing and order of the molecular events marking the onset of berry ripening in grapevine

First author: Marianna Fasoli; Affiliations: E. & J. Gallo Winery (嘉露酒庄): Modesto, USA

Corresponding author: Marianna Fasoli

Grapevine (Vitis viniferaL.) is a model for the investigation of physiological and biochemical changes during the formation and ripening of non-climacteric fleshy fruits (非呼吸跃变型肉质水果). However, the order and complexity of the molecular events during fruit development remain poorly understood. To identify the key molecular events controlling berry formation and ripening, we created a highly detailed transcriptomic and metabolomic map of berry development, based on samples collected every week from fruit-set (坐果) to maturity in two grapevine genotypes for three consecutive years, resulting in 219 samples. Major transcriptomic changes were represented by coordinated waves of gene expression associated with early development, veraison (onset of ripening; 着色期)/mid-ripening and late-ripening and were consistent across vintages. The two genotypes were clearly distinguished by metabolite profiles and transcriptional changes occurring primarily at the veraison/mid-ripening phase. Co-expression analysis identified a core network of transcripts as well as variations in the within-module connections representing varietal differences (品种差异). By focusing on transcriptome rearrangements close to veraison, we identified two rapid and successive shared transitions involving genes whose expression profiles precisely locate the timing of the molecular reprogramming of berry (浆果) development. Functional analyses of two transcription factors, markers of the first transition, suggested that they participate in a hierarchical cascade of gene activation at the onset of ripening. This study defined the initial transcriptional events that mark and trigger the onset of ripening and the molecular network that characterizes the whole process of berry development, providing a framework to model fruit development and maturation in grapevine.

葡萄是研究非呼吸跃变型肉质果实形成和成熟中生理和生化变化的模式植物。然而，在果实发育过程中分子事件发生的顺序及复杂性还有很多不清楚的地方。为了鉴定控制浆形成和成熟过程中的关键分子事件，作者连续三年对两个葡萄品种从坐果到成熟每隔一个星期取一次样，进行了转录组和代谢组分析。作者绘制了与早期发育、着色期（成熟开始）、成熟中期及成熟后期相关的基因表达谱。着色期/成熟中期的代谢谱和转录变化能够很好的将两个葡萄基因型区分开来。共表达分析鉴定了核心的转录网络，模块内的变异代表了品种间的差异。通过对近着色期的转录重排，作者鉴定到了两个快速且连续的转变，包括了一些表达精确定位于浆果发育重编程起始的基因。对于能够标记第一次转变的两个转录因子的功能分析显示这两个基因参与了果实成熟起始基因激活的层次级联。本文的研究展示了能够标记并诱导葡萄果实成熟起始的转录事件以及果实发育过程的分子网络，有助于进一步理解葡萄的果实发育和成熟。

doi: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.00559

Journal: Plant Physiology

Published date: 17 September, 2018

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