Vacuolar transporters - Companions on a longtime journey

Biochemical and electrophysiological studies (生化和电生理学研究) on plant vacuolar transporters (植物液泡转运蛋白) became feasible in the late 1970th and early 1980th when methods to isolate large quantities (大量) of intact vacuoles and purified vacuolar membrane vesicles (囊泡) were established. However, with the exception (除外) of the H+-ATPase and H+-PPase that could be followed due to their hydrolytic activities (水解活性) attempts to purify tonoplast transporters (液泡膜转运) were for a long time not successful. Heterologous complementation (异源互补), T-DNA insertion mutants and later proteomic (蛋白质组) studies allowed the next steps starting from the 1990s. Nowadays our knowledge about vacuolar transporters has greatly increased. Nevertheless, there are several transporters of central importance that have still to be identified at the molecular level or have even not been characterized at the biochemically. Furthermore our knowledge about regulation of the vacuolar transporters is very limited and much work is needed to get a holistic view (整体观) about the interplay (相互作用) of the vacuolar transportome. The huge amount of information generated during the last 35 years does not allow to be summarized in such a review. Therefore I decided to concentrate on some aspects where we were involved during my research on vacuolar transporters, for some our laboratory contributed more, for others less.

在20世纪70年代晚期和80年代早期，随着完整液泡的大量分离和液泡膜囊泡的纯化技术的建立，关于植物液泡转运蛋白生物化学和电生理学的研究已经变得可能。然而，除了H+-ATPase和H+-PPase这两个由于水解活性可以方便研究，其它的液泡膜转运蛋白纯化一直没有获得成功。从20世纪90年代开始，异源互补、T-DNA插入诱变及蛋白质组学的研究使得对于植物液泡转运蛋白进一步的研究成为可能。现今，我们关于植物液泡转运蛋白的了解已经有了很大程度的提升。然而，仍然有一些非常重要的转运蛋白还未能鉴定，亦或连其生化性质还不清楚。此外，我们对于液泡转运蛋白的调控机制还所知甚少，仍然缺少对于液泡转运蛋白间相互作用全面的了解。在最近35年这个方面所取得的成就在一篇综述中难以细述，本文仅对作者自己所开展的关于植物液泡转运蛋白的一些研究方向进行了总结，更多的可能是关于作者实验室的一些成果。

通讯：Enrico Martinoia (http://www.botinst.uzh.ch/en/research/physiology/martinoia/people.html)

研究方向：ABC转运蛋白在保卫细胞调控中的作用；重金属迁移；生长素转运的调控；液泡膜转运蛋白；碳代谢在干旱胁迫耐性中的作用。

doi: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.01481