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Degradation of organic pollutants using a ternary heterojunction catalyst (CoS2/CoCo2O4-MnFe2O4) for activated peroxymonosulfate with magnetic separation, anti-ion interference, and low ion leaching
Ying Shen a,1, Fan Qiu a,1, Yang Fan a, Yaming Wang a, Jiawei Kang a, Mengdie Yang a, Junjie Chen a, Haiou Song b, *, Shupeng Zhang a, *
Abstract
Activating persulfate to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) for the effective degradation of toxic organic compounds is an important research topic in environmental management. However, designing a catalyst that meets the key requirements of low ion leaching, magnetic separation, anti-ion interference, and efficient activation has proven challenging. Here, a triple-phase heterojunction catalyst consisting of cobalt sulfide (CoS2), cobalt oxide (CoCo2O4), and manganese iron oxide (MnFe2O4) was successfully synthesized. It was utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS), achieving an efficient degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), with a removal rate of 84.8% in 60 min under the initial conditions of 100 mg/L catalyst and 1 mM PMS. Additionally, the CoS2/CoCo2O4-MnFe2O4 heterojunction resulted in high removal rates of other organic pollutants over treatment times as short as 5 min [levofloxacin (LFX): 91.8%, metronidazole (MNZ): 61.6%, rhodamine (RhB): 100%, crystal violet (CV): 100%, respectively]. The presence of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), and manganese (Mn) as metal elements provided numerous active sites and accelerated the rate of electron transfer. Additionally, the synthesized CoS2/CoCo2O4-MnFe2O4-2 composite exhibited excellent interference resistance, with the catalytic effect remaining over 73% in the presence of 10 mM inorganic ions (Cl-, NO3-, and H2PO4-). The incorporation of MnFe2O4 into the catalyst greatly reduced the leaching of Co2+ ions (from 15.27 mg/L to 3 mg/L), and enabled it to exhibit a strong magnetism. This magnetic property (the saturated magnetization reached 50.79 emu/g) enabled easy separation of the catalyst from the treated solution using magnets. Moreover, the catalyst demonstrated good reusability and stability. The ternary heterojunction catalyst designed not only effectively reduced the use of toxic ions, but also suppressed the leakage of toxic ions, and had an efficient magnetic separation activity, which has resulted in promising application prospects in actual water bodies.
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