文章：Cesarean or Vaginal Birth Does Not Impact the Longitudinal Development of the Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Exclusively Preterm Infants

杂志：Frontiers in Microbiology

研究目的：We aimed to determine the impact of birth mode of the preterm gut microbiome over the first 100 days of life and following neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. 100天内不同分娩方式的早产儿的肠道微生物变化

研究对象：867 stool samples from 46 preterm infants (21 cesarean and 25 vaginal). Infants contributing a minimum of seven samples in their first 100 days were included in the study.

研究结果1：Longitudinal Alpha and Beta Diversity Was Comparable between Cesarean and Vaginally Delivered Infants （alpha和beta多样性的变化），利用Mann–Whitney cross-sectional comparison at each week P-value分别比较每周的数据，发现没有显著差别。

研究结果2：Vaginally Delivered Infants Have Increased OTU Stability, But Comparable OTU Acquisition While on the NICU and Following Discharge（OTU的变化趋势），The individual OTUs were tracked through time in consecutive samples, showing that vaginally delivered infants kept significantly more OTUs from month 2 of life (P < 0.001) than those delivered by cesarean. (OTU kept呈现显著差异)，no significant difference between OTUs lost, regained, or newly gained was found for post discharge samples. (OTUs lost, OTUs regained, New OTUs gained没有差异).

研究结果3:Bacterial Genera Were Comparable between Cesarean and Vaginally Delivered Infants (主要菌属的差别，主要挑选了Klebsiella, Escherichia,Enterococcus,Staphylococcus和Bifidobacterium). This cross-sectional comparison showed no significant difference between cesarean and vaginal infants in any genera at any time point. (未找到差异)

研究结果4:Preterm Gut Community Type Development Is Comparable between Different Birth Modes （community type的变化）the trajectory of gut microbiome development was highly variable within and between infants and no significant difference (P = 0.125) in PGCTs was found between cesarean and vaginal infants.

研究提示：

       对于时间序的研究提供一种分析思路参考。