我与阿伦·桑德奇教授从未有过直接接触（虽然我曾有幸在一次会议上看到过他），加上本人学识所限，本文也许还有不少错误或不妥之处，欢迎指正。

本文写作中,除了根据阿伦·桑德奇教授本人以及其他有关研究人员历年来发表的专业论文和综述论文外，主要参考了[1]-[3]，这些资料使我了解了相关的历史背景、心理活动和人际关系等在专业论文中无法看到的情况。不久前，[4]-[5]这两篇纪念桑德奇的文章出现在网上，又使我了解到桑德奇教授一些更多的情况，例如他在卡耐基研究所的发展特别是在南半球建设天文台过程中发挥的作用，他担任Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ARAA）主编的情况（这是天文学领域影响因子最高的杂志，每年一册，总结近期内天文学的重大进展）等等，但本文早已写成，且篇幅已经太长，因此就不再增补内容了。

孙正凡博士的建议促使我撰写此文，卡耐基研究所的Luis Ho 博士回答了我许多问题，并给我很多非常有价值的提示，谨此表示感谢。 我也要感谢刘晓群书记和吴蕴豪博士为本文在中国国家天文上连载所给予的支持。

 

主要参考文献

［1］Dennis Overbye，“Lonely Hearts of the Cosmos: The Story of the Scientific Quest for the Secret of the Universe”（Back Bay Books, 1999）

[2] AIP Oral History Transcript – Dr. Allan Sandage, interviewed by Spencer Weart, 1978.  http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4380_1.html

［3］Interviews of Alan Sandage, Gerard de Vaucouleurs, John Huchra in Alan Lightman & Roberta Brawer, “Origins: The Lives and Worlds of Modern Cosmologists”, Harvard Universiy Press, 1992

［4］ Donald Lynden-Bell, Francois Schweizer，“Allan R. Sandage, 18 June 1926 - 13 November 2010”； arxiv:1111.5646

［5］ G. A. Tammann, B. Reindl，“Allan Sandage and the Cosmic Expansion”， arxiv:1112.0170

 

原始文献

Eggen, O. J., Lynden-Bell, D., & Sandage, A., 1962, Evidence from the motions of old stars that the galaxy collapsed, ApJ 136, 748

Freedman, W. L., Kennicutt, R.C. & Mould, J. R., 2009, Measuring the Hubble constant with the Hubble Space Telescope, arxiv:0910.5775,

Freedman, W. L., & Madore, B. F., 2010, The Hubble constant, ARAA 48, 1

Gott, J. R. III, Gunn, J. E., Schramm, D. N., Tinsley, B. M., 1974, An unbound universe, ApJ 194, 543

Humason, M. L., Mayall, N. U., & Sandage, A. R., 1956, Redshifts and Magnitudes of extragalactic nebulae, ApJ 61, 97

Sandage,  A.  R. & Schwarzschild, M., 1952, Inhomogeneous stellar models. II. models with exhausted cores in gravitational contraction, ApJ 116, 463

Sandage, A., 1958, Current Problems in the extragalactic distance scale, ApJ 127, 513

Sandage, A., 1961, The ability of the 200-inch telescope to discriminate between selected world models, ApJ 133, 355

Sandage, A., 1961, The light travel time and the evolutionary corretion to magnitudes of distant galaxies, ApJ 134, 916

Sandage, A., 1965, The existence of a major new constitutent of the universe: the quasi-stellar galaxies

Sandage, A., 1968, Observational Cosmology, The Halley lecture for 1967, delivered in Oxford on Nov.7, Observatory, 88, 91.

Sandage, A., 1969, The time scale for creation (part I), ASPL, 10, 209

Sandage, A., 1969, The time scale for creation (part II), ASPL, 10, 217

Sandage, A., Tammann, G. A., & Hardy, E., 1972, Limits on the local deviation of the Universe from a homogenous model, ApJ 172, 253

Sandage, A., 1972, The redshift-distance relation. II. The Hubble diagram and its scatter for first-ranked cluster galaxies: a formal value for q₀, ApJ 178, 1.

Sandage, A. & Hardy, E., 1973, The redshift-distance relation. VII. Absolute magnitudes of the first three ranked cluster galaxies as functions of cluster richness and Bautz-Morgan cluster type: the effect on q₀, ApJ183, 743

Sandage, A., 1975, Classification and stellar content of galaxies obtained from direct photography, published in “Galaxies and the Universe”, edited by A. Sandage, M. Sandage and J. Kristian

Sandage, A., 1988, Observational tests of world models, ARAA 26, 561

Sandage, A. & Tammann, G. A., 1996, The evidence for the long distance scale with H₀ < 65 , arxiv:astro-ph/9611170

Sandage, A., 1999, The first 50 years at Palomar: 1949-1999, the early years of stellar evolution, cosmology and high-energy asstrophysics

Sandage, A., 2005, The classification of galaxies: early history and ongoing developments, ARAA 43, 581 

Sandage, A., 2009, The Tolman surface brightness test for the reality of the expansion. V. provenance of the test and a new representation of the data for three remote HST galaxy clusters, arxiv:0905.3199

Tammann, G. A., & Sandage, A., 1983, The Value of H₀, History of Astronomy, 6, 301

Tammann, G. A., Sandage, A., & Reindl, B., 2008, The expansion field: The value of H₀, arxiv:0806.3018

Tinsley, B. M., 1970, Possibility of a large evolutionary correlation to the magnitude-redshift relation, ApSS 6, 344

Tinsley, B. M., 1971, The color-redshift relation for giant elliptical galaxies, ApSS 12, 394

Tinsley, B. M., 1972, Effect of evolution on the diameter-redshift relation, ApJ 178, L39

Tinsley, B. M., 1978, Accelerating universe revisited, Nature, 273, 208

de Vaucouleurs, G., 1978, The extragalactic distance scale. I. A review of distance indicators: zero points and errors of primary indicators, ApJ 223, 351

de Vaucouleurs, G., 1983, Extragalactic distance scale, Malmquist bias and Hubble constant

de Vaucouleurs, G., 1993, The extragalactic distance scale, VIII. A comparison of distance scales, ApJ 415, 10

de Vaucouleurs, G., 1993, Tests of the long and short extragalactic distance scale, PNAS 90, 4811

 

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