Advanced Quasi 3D Refined Flow and Transport Modeling in Natural and Artificial Waters

- A professional CFD software using three/five depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models (Q3drm1.0/2.0)

天然和人工水域先进拟三维精细流动和输运模拟 --- 使用3/5个深度平均两方程封闭紊流模式的行业计算流体动力学软件 Q3drm1.0/2.0

a 1.0 -,b 2.0 - Splash Forms

* Versatile quasi 3D (2.5D) hydrodynamic model, closedby three selectable depth-integrated two-equation closure turbulence models; solving complete and non-simplified fundamental governing equations, in association with passive mass transport equations (1 temperature eq. + 2 concentration component eqs.) and two extra transportequations, discretized by FVA (Finite Volume Approach) through spatially collocated variable arrangement (non-staggered grid arrangement) on non-orthogonal body-fitted multi-grids.

* Available five two-equation closure models are: ?depth-averaged k-epsilon model (McGuirk & Rodi, 1977), stemmed from ‘standard’ k-epsilon model (by Lauder & Spalding, 1974) (Q3drm1.0 and 2.0); ?depth-averaged k-w model (Yu & Zhang, 1988), originated from ‘standard’ k-w model (by Ilegbusi and Spalding, 1982) (Q3drm1.0 and 2.0);? depth-averaged k-omega model (provided by the author) (Q3drm1.0 and 2.0), based on the most common ‘standard’ k-omega model, originally introduced by Saffman but popularized by Wilcox (1998); ?depth-averaged RNG k-epsilon model (provided by the author, Q3drm2.0); and ?depth-averaged modified k-omega model (provided by the author, Q3drm2.0).

*Advanced algorithms for solving linear equation systems: SIMPLE algorithm, Guass’ divergence theorem, ILU decomposition, SIP, under relaxation and multi-grid iterative method.

* Easy-to-use Grid-Generator, Flow-Solver, GUI, self-contained map support tool, pre- and post-processors, five graphics browsers, one comparer of results (comparing the variables, calculated by different turbulence models, and also with field data) and help system, used in various Windows-based microcomputers.

*Convenient data entries and collections through dialog boxes, tables and mapsupport system; displays, revisions, printings and storages of entered data.

*User-friendly and powerfulmap support tool for pre- and post-processing, including basic colorinspection, map-scale determination, data auto-inserter for side-bank/island boundaries, digital map background, map enlargement, shrink,printing and storage.

*Up-to-date 2D and 3D graphical visualizations for bottom topography, grids and computed results at eachgrid level, provided by following five browsers: ● bottom topography section browser; ● grid browser; ● profile browser for 9 variables (Vel, Pre, T, C1 & C2, TE & ED,Vis and Gen); ● field browserfor 11 variables (9 variables + SF & Bot) with 3 graphics types (homo & color isolines and color-filled images); ●3D browser for 7 variables (T, C1 & C2, TE & ED, Vis and Gen) with 6 graphics types (black balls, color balls, black wires, color wires, color surface and color surface-wires).

* Using mouse move on the computational domain caneasily display the geometry position, indexes of grid nodal point, water-depth and solved variables without the help of any other commercial tool for graphical visualizations and analyses.

* Flow-Solver can compute flow and transport behaviors forsteady and unsteady flows in shallow waters, including open channels, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, estuaries and coastal regions. Many requirements for solving practical problems in engineering can be well treated by the software. They are, for example, the non-uniform arrangement of longitudinal and transversal grid notes, irregular boundaries, symmetric boundary, effect of side-wall on flow in the region with incline, surface wind effect, surface heat diffusion, and so on.Various practical problems, such as side discharge, point-source discharge (single point-source and submerged multi-port diffusers with specified jet direction), point-sink and area source discharge (contaminant confluence caused by the runoff from the slope along bank) in complicated natural and artificial waters with/without islands, including strong bending and bifurcated problem, can be numerically simulated andanalyzed.

Uses:Q3drm1.0/2.0 can be used to simulate, predictand analyze various problems in engineering, relative to flows, mixing,contaminan transport, stream pollution, water resource security, environmental protection and accidental discharge as well as the comparison of different discharge schemes, and so on. This numerical tool specializes in researches, engineering applications and teaching courses in the areas of Computational and Environmental Hydraulics, Hydrodynamics, Computational and Environmental Fluid Mechanics and Applied Mathematics,etc.

Numerous environmental flows can be considered as shallow, i.e., the horizontal length scales of the flow domain are much larger than the depth. Typical examples are found in low land rivers, lakes, estuaries, coastal areas and oceanic flows. Depth-averaged mathematical models are frequently used by researchers and engineers for modelling the flow behaviour and contaminant transport in well mixed shallow waters.

 Two-equation closure turbulence models are one of the most common types of turbulence models. The so-called ‘standard’ two-equation turbulence models, used widely in industry, all cannot be directly adopted in depth-averaged modeling (also called depth-integrated modeling, quasi 3D modeling, shallow water modeling or 2.5D modeling). Till now, the vast majority of quasi 3D modeling tools in the world at most can only provide depth-averaged k-epsilon turbulence model (McGuirk & Rodi, 1977) for users, which appears already beyond 40 years. However, current advanced CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software for ‘standard’ 2D and 3D modeling can provide several, even up to dozens of two-equation closure turbulence models, because there is non-existenta ‘universal’ turbulence closure model in the theory of turbulence modeling. Moreover, two-equation closure turbulence models are also very much still an active area of research and refined turbulence two-equation new models are still being developed. In order to change this situation falling behind for depth-averaged modeling, the author has developed the CFD software, namely Q3drm1.0/2.0 (Quasi 3D Refinedly Modeling). This numerical tool can help users solve the problems of flow, temperature and contaminant transport in natural and artificial shallow waters by using the advanced multi-grid iterative method and spatially collocated variable arrangement on non-orthogonal body-fitted multi-grids, in association with three depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models (k-epsilon, k-w, k-omega for Q3drm1.0) or five depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models (k-epsilon, k-w, k-omega, RNG k-epsilon and modified k-omega for Q3drm2.0).

Due to the expensive cost of depth-averaged site measuring, modeling by using different two-equation turbulence models will certainly increase the credibility of computational results, strengthen the competition ability of user’s project application and enhance its success probability.

Ex-1. A quasi 3D modelling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow and contaminant transport in a strongly meandering natural river (The Yellow River). Relative paper: ‘Quasi 3D refined simulation of flow and pollutant transport in a meandering River Reach’, Journal of Environmental Science and Water Resources, 2013, 2(3), 27-39, download. a. Color-filled concentration field (k-ε), b. Color-surface 3D concentration field (k-ε);

Ex-2. A quasi 3D modeling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow and contaminant transport in The Mississippi River near The Baton Rouge City. The relative paper of quasi 3D refined modeling for another reach of the same river: ‘Quasi 3D Refined Simulationof Flow and Pollutant Transport in The Mississippi River near The Rock Lake’, Afro Asian JSciTec, 2014, 1(1), 10-22, download. a. Coarsegrid, b. Flow pattern (k-w) c. Color-surface3D concentration field (k-w);

Ex-4. A quasi 3D modeling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow and contaminant transport in The Yangtze River near The Huangshigang City. Relative paper: ‘Quasi 3D refined simulation of flow and pollutant transport in a TheYangtze River’, Review of Computer Engineering Research, March 2014, 1(1), 1-18, download. a. Coarse grid, b. Flowpattern (k-omega), c. Color-surface 3D concentration field (k-omega);

Ex-5. A quasi 3D modelling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, forthe flow and contaminant transport ina natural river (The Madeira River). Relative paper: ‘Flow and transport simulation of Madeira River using three depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models’, Water Science and Engineering, 2012, 5(1), 11-25, download. a.Flow pattern (k-w), b.Color-filled concentration field (k-w);

Ex-6. A quasi 3D modelling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow and thermal transport in a cooling pool. Relative paper: ‘Numerical research on flow and thermal transport in cooling pool of electrical power station using three depth-averaged turbulence models’, Water Science and Engineering, 2009, 2(3), 1-12, download. a. Coarse Grid, b. Flow fields (k-omega), c. Color-filledtemperature field (k-omega), d. Color-surface 3D effective viscosity (k-omega);

Ex-7. A quasi 3D modeling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow and contaminant transport of The Solimões River,discharged from a tributary into a domain with two separated islands. Relative paper: ‘Flow and contaminant transport simulations of the Solimões River using three depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models’, International Journal of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, 2012, 4(12), 363-376, download. a. Flow pattern (k-w), b. Streamlines (k-w), c. Color-filled pressure field (k-w), d. Color-surface 3D concentration field (k-w), e. Color-surface 3D effective viscosity (k-w);

Ex-8. A quasi 3D modeling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow and contaminant transport of The Yangtze River, discharged from two tributaries into a domain with two islands. Relative paper: ‘Numerical Simulations of  Flow and Contaminant Transport Using Multiple Depth-Integrated Two-Equation Turbulence Models in The Yangtze River near The Nanjing City’, International Journal of Mathematics and Engineering Research, June 2013, 1(1), 1-13,
download. a.Coarse grid, b.Flow pattern(k-omega), c. Color-surface 3D concentration field (k-omega), d. Color-surface 3D k-field (k-omega), e. Color-surface 3D omega-field, f. Color-surface 3D effective viscosity (k-omega);

Ex-9. A quasi 3D modeling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow and contaminant transport discharged from a submerged five-port diffuser into a natural river reach (The Madeira River) with two islands. Relative paper: ‘Quasi 3D Refined Simulation of Flow and Pollutant Transport, Caused by Five-Port Diffuser and Side-Discharge in A River--- By Using Three Depth-Integrated Two-Equation Turbulence Models and Multi-Grid Iterative Method’, InternationalJournal of Original Research, 2016, 2(2), 91-10. Download. a. Flow pattern (k-ε), b. Color-filled concentration fields (k-ε);

Ex-10. A quasi 3D modeling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow and contaminant transport of The Madeira River discharged from one tributary into a domain with four islands. a. Flow pattern (k-ε), b. Color-surface 3D concentration field (k-ε);

Ex-11. A quasi 3D modeling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow, mixing and contaminant transport of The Amazon River (near The Manaus City) discharged from one tributaries (The NegroRiver, the largest black water river in the world) into a domain with seven islands. Relative paper: ‘Refined Numerical Simulation of Environmental Flow, Mixing and Transport in Amazon River Near Manaus City Closed by Multiple Turbulence Models’, InternationalJournal of Discrete Mathematics, 2017, 2(3), 68-79. Download. a. Flow pattern (k-w model), b. Color-surface 3D concentration field (k-w model), c. Color-surface 3D effective viscosity (k-w model);

NASA photo about the complicated bifurcated reach of The Amazon River

Ex-12. A quasi 3D modeling in a bifurcated natural river, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow, mixing and contaminant transport of The Amazon River (near The Manaus City) has been realized. a. Coarse grid, b. Fine grid, c. Streamlines (k-omega), d. Color-filled pressure field (k-omega), e. Flow pattern (k-omega), f. Color-filled concentration field (k-omega), g. Color surface 3D concentration field (k-omega), h. Color-surface k-field, i. Color-surface omega-field, j. Color-surface effective viscosity (k--omega);

Ex-13. A quasi 3D modeling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow and contaminant transport in a bifurcated river reach of The Amazon River near The Santarém City. a. FlowPattern (k-w), b. Color-surface 3D concentration field (k-w);

Ex-14. A quasi 3D modeling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow and contaminant transport in a bifurcated river reach of The Solimões River near The Anamã City. In this example, the same reach as Ex-7 was adopted, but the computational domain has been extended to the bifurcated zone. a. Flow Pattern (k-ε), b. Color-surface 3D concentration field (k- ε);

Ex-15. A quasi 3D modeling, using 3 depth-averaged two-equation closure turbulence models, for the flow and contaminant in flow from the south riverside (area-source, from the inlet section to A-A section) in a strongly meandering river. The flow direction is from the East (right) to the West (left). a.  Flow pattern (k-omega), b. Color-filled concentration field (k-omega);