杨正瓴博友给我的留言：
衰老基因(aging gene)
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长寿基因（longevity gene）
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人类的寿命与基因有关
人类的寿命与基因有关，体内有多个基因主宰着人的生命长短。那些在恶劣环境下控制机体防御功能的基因，能够显著地改善多种生物的健康状况并且延长其寿命。利用长寿基因的影响力，可以改变人类的生命进程：不让生长和活力因为年老的衰退而却步；使人能够在70岁、90岁乃至100多岁时，仍然持他50岁时的蓬勃朝气。科学家们曾经认为老化不仅仅是一个衰退的过程，而是生物体的遗传性程序化发育
(genetically programmeddevelopment)的积极延续。个体一旦成熟，“衰老基因”(aging gene)就开始将该个体导向死亡。但这种观点已经不再为人们所相信了，现在人们普遍认同：衰老其实只是由于身体的正常防卫及修复机制随时间流逝而衰退导致的。然而，研究者发现，有一个基因家族与生物体的应激耐受性有关，它们能够加强各个年龄段生物体的自身防卫及修复活性。这些基因通过优化身体的生存机能，最大程度地提高个体渡过困境的几率。如果这些基因处于激活状态的时间足够长，那么还能显著地增进生物体的健康，并延长寿命。其实，这个基因家族就是那些与衰老基因相对立的长寿基因(longevity gene)。
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人们对SIR2基因的认识最多
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科学家在欧洲人身上发现攸关日本人长寿的一个基因，研究显示，世界上拥有该基因的民族，也能活得很长寿。德国的这项研究，比较了388位逾百岁德国老人与731位年纪较小者的基因组成，结果发现百岁老人组频繁出现名为FOXO3A的基因变异。该研究检视3741名逾95岁日本老翁的基因，获得同样结论。研究人内柏说：“因为日本人与欧洲人的基因相当不同。如今我们可以推定，这个基因在全球各地都与活得更长寿有关。”
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国际研究高水平论文分析结果如下：
数据来源 http://www.pubmedplus.cn/
07.Kaeberlein M 4 篇3.125% 22.Blackwell TK 2 篇1.563% 40.Latorre-Esteves M 2 篇1.563% 50.Rodrigues AP 2 篇1.563% 01.longevity 115 篇89.844% 03.caenorhabditis elegans 50 篇39.063% 04.signal transduction 44 篇34.375% 05.caenorhabditis elegans proteins 43 篇33.594% 07.transcription factors 37 篇28.906% 09.receptor, insulin 23 篇17.969% 10.genes, helminth 22 篇17.188% 11.gene expression regulation 20 篇15.625% 12.oxidative stress 19 篇14.844% 13.drosophila melanogaster 18 篇14.063% 15.caloric restriction 16 篇12.500% 16.drosophila proteins 16 篇12.500% 18.histone deacetylases 14 篇10.938% 19.insulin-like growth factor i 14 篇10.938% 20.saccharomyces cerevisiae 14 篇10.938% 22.gene expression 12 篇9.375% 23.reproduction 12 篇9.375% 25.silent information regulator proteins, saccharomyces cerevisiae 11 篇8.594% 27.gene expression regulation, developmental 10 篇7.813% 28.genes, insect 10 篇7.813% 29.mitochondria 10 篇7.813% 31.rna interference 10 篇7.813% 32.trans-activators 10 篇7.813% 34.reactive oxygen species 9 篇7.031% 35.amino acid sequence 8 篇6.250% 36.animals, genetically modified 8 篇6.250% 37.dna-binding proteins 8 篇6.250% 38.models, animal 8 篇6.250% 39.molecular sequence data 8 篇6.250% 40.stress, physiological 8 篇6.250% 41.superoxide dismutase 8 篇6.250% 42.biological evolution 7 篇5.469% 43.carrier proteins 7 篇5.469% 44.cell division 7 篇5.469% 45.cells, cultured 7 篇5.469% 46.energy intake 7 篇5.469% 47.gene deletion 7 篇5.469% 48.helminth proteins 7 篇5.469% 50.membrane proteins 7 篇5.469% 01.caenorhabditis elegans proteins 43 篇33.594% 02.transcription factors 37 篇28.906% 04.receptor, insulin 23 篇17.969% 05.daf-16 protein, c elegans 21 篇16.406% 06.daf-2 protein, c elegans 19 篇14.844% 08.drosophila proteins 16 篇12.500% 09.histone deacetylases 14 篇10.938% 10.insulin-like growth factor i 14 篇10.938% 查看更多
05.先天性遗传性新生儿疾病和畸形 5 篇3.906% 39.emery-dreifuss型肌营养不良 1 篇0.781% 50.女性泌尿生殖器疾病和妊娠并发症 1 篇0.781% 01.department of biology 13 篇10.156% 02.department of biochemistry and biophysics 12 篇9.375% 03.department of genetics 5 篇3.906% 04.department of pathology 5 篇3.906% 05.department of molecular biology 4 篇3.125% 06.andrus gerontology center 2 篇1.563% 07.department of ecology and evolutionary biology 2 篇1.563% 08.institute of molecular biology and biotechnology 2 篇1.563% 09.stanford university medical center 2 篇1.563% 10.1] joslin diabetes center 1 篇0.781% 11.center for blood research and department of genetics 1 篇0.781% 12.department of adult oncology 1 篇0.781% 13.department of basic gerontology 1 篇0.781% 14.department of biochemistry 1 篇0.781% 15.department of biochemistry and molecular biology 1 篇0.781% 16.department of bioinspired science 1 篇0.781% 17.department of biological sciences 1 篇0.781% 18.department of biomedical genetics 1 篇0.781% 19.department of biostatistics and computational biology 1 篇0.781% 20.department of cell biology and molecular medicine and cardiovascular research institute 1 篇0.781% 21.department of cellular and structural biology 1 篇0.781% 22.department of chemistry and biochemistry 1 篇0.781% 23.department of chemistry and molecular biology (cmb) 1 篇0.781% 24.department of cognitive 1 篇0.781% 25.department of computational medicine and bioinformatics 1 篇0.781% 26.department of developmental biology 1 篇0.781% 27.department of gene expression and development 1 篇0.781% 28.department of genetics and developmental biology 1 篇0.781% 29.department of medicine 1 篇0.781% 30.department of medicine and genetics 1 篇0.781% 31.department of molecular 1 篇0.781% 32.department of molecular and cell biology 1 篇0.781% 33.department of molecular biology & lsi genomics 1 篇0.781% 34.department of molecular biology and biochemistry 1 篇0.781% 35.department of molecular biology and genetics 1 篇0.781% 36.department of molecular biology and pharmacology 1 篇0.781% 37.department of pathology and geriatrics center 1 篇0.781% 38.department of pediatric and adolescent medicine 1 篇0.781% 39.department of pediatrics 1 篇0.781% 40.department of physiology 1 篇0.781% 41.division of biogerontology 1 篇0.781% 42.division of biology 1 篇0.781% 43.division of biology and medicine 1 篇0.781% 44.division of endocrinology 1 篇0.781% 45.glenn center for aging research 1 篇0.781% 46.hallett center for diabetes and endocrinology 1 篇0.781% 47.huffington center on aging 1 篇0.781% 48.institute of cell biology 1 篇0.781% 49.institute of healthy ageing 1 篇0.781% 50.institute of healthy ageing and department of genetics 1 篇0.781%
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