First-order difference equations arise in many contexts in the biological, economic and social sciences. Such equations, even though simple and deterministic, can exhibit a surprising array of dynamical behaviour, from stable points, to a bifurcating hierarchy of stable cycles, to apparently random fluctuations. There are consequently many fascinating problems, some concerned with delicate mathematical aspects of. the fine structure ...
Journal: Nature, vol. 261, no. 5560, pp. 459-467, 1976
The recent development of potent antiviral drugs not only has raised hopes for effective treatment of infections with HIV or the hepatitis B virus, but also has led to important quantitative insights into viral dynamics in vivo. Interpretation of the experimental data depends upon mathe- matical models that describe the nonlinear interaction between virus and host cell populations. Here we ...
ATYPICAL protein antigen contains several epitopes that can be recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), but in a characteristic antiviral immune response in vivo, CTL recognize only a small number of these potential epitopes, sometimes only one1-2, this phenomenon is known as immunodominance1-10. Antigenic variation within CTL epitopes has been demonstrated for the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 (...
Journal: Nature, vol. 375, no. 6532, pp. 606-611, 1995