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旧笔记看到一段我自己都好奇的文字:
中国的集句诗词虽然很多,恐怕没有像Ben Jonson (1572-1637)的To Celia那么有名的。古代的诗与散文距离很近,这个距离在汉语里越拉越远,在英文里似乎还脉脉相望,特别在十六、十七世纪时。
“那么有名”肯定是夸张了,虽然它在我们西边儿确实有名。不知道这段话是看了哪本书写的(应该不是“抄”的,我抄书一般都要加引号、写出处,真是好习惯)。刚才查Norton诗选(只有这个大一点儿书),To Celia有两首,第二首注曰:Based on five separate passages in the Epistles of the Greek rhetorician Philostratus (ca. 170—ca.245)——这就是“集句”的来源么?
诗的全文是
To Celia
1 Drink to me only with thine eyes,
2 And I will pledge with mine;
3 Or leave a kiss within the cup,
4 And I'll not ask for wine
5 The thirst that from the soul doth rise,
6 Doth crave a drink divine;
7 But might I of Jove's nectar sup,
8 I would not change for thine
9 I sent thee late a rosy wreath,
10 .Not so much honoring thee
11 As giving it a hope that there
12 It could not withered be;
13 But thou thereon didst only breathe
14 And sent'st back to me,
15 Since when it grows and smells, I swear,
16 Not of itself, but thee
Philostratus是古希腊诡辩家,我没读过他的东西,也没有他的书信集……
突然想起我还有一本《英国诗选》(王佐良主编),果然找到了需要的东西——原来那诗是截取Philostratus的五段书信“集句”而成的。书中附了那五段话,不抄了;偷懒从网上(网址丢了)抄了两句:
Drink to me with thine eyes only. Or, if thou wilt, putting the cup to thy lips, fill it with kisses, and so bestow it upon me. (Letter XXIV)
I sent thee a rosy wreath, not so much honouring thee (though this also is in my thoughts) as bestowing favour upon the roses, that so they might not be withered.(Letter XXX)
可见,诗应该是Jonson“编译”了古希腊人的书信,所以有的诗题下注释:A Romance Poem Rendered in English by Ben Jonson from a Love Letter by Philostratus of Athens or Philostratus of Lemnos, Jonson Published the Poem in 1616——这是准确的说法,有点儿像琼瑶阿姨借《诗经》写《在水一方》,而不能算我们的“集句诗”。
还有一点悬疑:那个Philostratus是谁?前面提到的是Lucius Flavius Philostratus (170 ~ 245-8? A.D.),也称Philostratus the Athenian;而研究者们还发现了另一个“嫌疑人”,是他的亲戚,Philostratus of Lemnos,小了20岁。
最后一点,有人想当然将第二行的pledge理解为“起誓”,也许从那个场景联想到“山盟海誓”了。其实,《牛津词典》(OED)正是借这句诗来解释pledge为“祝酒”:To drink to the health of, drink a toast to; to toast. 现在它也有这个意思,可惜一般的学习词典似乎没列那个义项。翻译文学作品,特别是古典的,不能只用《新华字典》之类的学习型词典,最好还是贮备几本《康熙字典》式的大部头。
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