Development of Sustainable  Human Settlements

1.Scientific and technological activities:

u      Joint research activities should be organized to tackle（解决） key technical issues in areas such as the treatment of polluted sources of water, the development of highly efficient energy and water saving techniques, developing natural purification expertise（水净化系统） for intensive sewage（污水） processing, and urban sewage recycling. Products and equipment for water industries should be developed and proven technologies should be widely applied;

u      Techniques and equipment for use in the reduction and isolation of urban traffic and industrial noise should be developed;

u      Studies on urban modernization and improvement of the environments in settlement areas should be conducted to provide sound scientific bases for policy-making, planning, design and management of facilities in settlement areas.

2.Activities

 Management-related activities:

u      Policies for the comprehensive and centralized disposal of city sewage should be formulated, based on current realities in China. Regulations（规划） for imposing fees for the discharge（排出） of sewage, for time-limits for its proper treatment, and for charging industries for their use of sewage treatment facilities should be enforced. A use of oxidation trench facilities（氧化物排污口） should be combined with the use of a land disposal（土地保护）system. The construction of sewage disposal facilities should show consistency between short- and long-term plans and should be implemented（实施） by stages. Sewage disposal should concentrate on sewage recycling. After proper treatment, recycled sewage water can be used for agricultural irrigation, for scenic sites, for washing and for industrial cooling;

u      Both urban and rural development programmers should be improved or revised, so that industries creating high-level noise will be located at sites away from downtown or residential districts;

u      The means of urban transportation and road systems should be improved, and management of traffic should be better controlled. Constructing noise shields on both sides of roads and planting of noise-shielding trees should be encouraged. Residential housing along streets should be better designed and rationally planned in order to reduce the impact of noise. Legal regulations for noise control should be promulgated（宣布）;

u      Urban vegetation（绿地）beautification and protection programmers should be intensified. The rule of "cutting one and planting five" should be enforced (i.e. if one tree is cut, five trees must be planted in compensation). Moreover, ancient trees should be protected;

u      Urban environments should be comprehensively controlled and regular inspections will be made

3.Objectives

By the year 2000, through investment by the government, the sewage treatment rate will reach 25% and this will be increased to 50%-60% by the year 2025. Moreover, the number of sewage treatment projects financed by enterprises will also be increased. Appropriate sewage treatment technologies will be applied in villages and towns.

(a)    Comprehensive control measures will be taken to reduce industrial noise and traffic noise in urban areas.

(b)   Emissions of coal-burning smog, motor-vehicle exhausts, and industrial wastes in urban areas should be controlled to protect the atmosphere

(c)    Facilities(设备) for the collection, treatment and disposal of industrial wastes, construction residua and household refuse should be developed to management the  solid waste environmentally.

(d)   There should be vigorous promotion of programmers to increase urban vegetation. By the year 2000, coverage by urban vegetation should be 30%, with per capita green space of 7 square meters to ensure they are up to standards.

 

 

 

 

CHENGRU WANG

GEOGRAPGY EDUCATION MASTER

GEOGRAPGY DEPARTMENT

EAST CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY

26.12.2001.

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