国际食品法典农药残留标准制订程序

所有食品法典标准都主要在其各分委员会中审议、制定，然后经CAC大会审议后通过。法典标准都是以科学为基础，并在获得所有成员国的一致同意的基础上制定出来的，有一般程序和加速程序两种制定程序。

一般程序

第1步 确定标准制定计划。该计划由CAC根据CAC执行委员会的审查结果决定，并确定由CCPR承担标准制定工作；也可由CCPR提出，但需经CAC批准。

第2步 提出标准建议草案。秘书处安排起草标准建议草案，在制订农药MRL时，由JMPR提出MRLs建议草案及开展残留风险评估工作的其他相关信息。

第3步 征求意见。将标准建议草案送交CAC成员国和相关国际组织，征求其对所有方面的意见，包括标准建议草案可能对经济利益的影响。

第4步 CCPR会议审议。秘书处将收到的意见转交CCPR大会进行审查。

第5步 提交CAC大会审议。标准建议草案通过秘书处转交执行委员会审查并提交CAC大会审议通过，成为一项标准草案。

第6步 再次征求意见。标准草案由秘书处送交CAC成员国和相关国际组织，征求对所有问题的意见，包括标准草案可能对其经济利益的影响。

第7步 CCPR会议再次审议。秘书处将收到的意见转交CCPR大会再次审查。

第8步提交CAC大会审议。标准草案连同从成员国和相关国际组织收到的任何书面意见，通过秘书处转交执行委员会严格审查并提交CAC大会，审议通过后成为法典标准。

Procedures for the Elaboration of Codex Standards on Pesticide Residues

All Codex standards are considered and developed in the Committees and adopted by the Commission after deliberation at its Plenary Session, where they are endorsed by consensus among all member countries. They are established on scientific basis through the Uniform Procedure and the Uniform Accelerated Procedure.

The Uniform Procedure:

Step 1 Propose to elaborate a standard. CAC decides on the proposal to set a standard taking into account the outcome of the critical review conducted by the Executive Committee, and also decides CCPR should undertake the work. The proposal can also be put forward by CCPR, subject to the subsequent approval by CAC.

Step 2 Make available a proposed draft standard. The Secretariat arranges for the preparation of a proposed draft standard. In the case of MRL for pesticides, JMPR makes available the recommendations of MRL and any other relevant information regarding residue risk assessment work it conducted.  

Step 3 Call for Comments. The proposed draft standard is sent to CAC members and interested international organizations for comment on all aspects including possible implications of the proposed draft standard for their economic interests.

Step 4 Consideration by CCPR. The comments received are sent by the Secretariat to CCPR for consideration at its annual Session.

Step 5 Review by the Commission. The proposed draft standard is submitted through the Secretariat to the Executive Committee for critical review and to the Commission with a view to its adoption as a draft standard.

Step 6 Call for second round of comments. The draft standard is sent by the CAC Secretariat to all its members and interested international organizations for comments on all aspects, including possible implications of the draft standard for their economic interests.

Step 7 Reconsideration by CCPR. The comments received are sent by the Secretariat to CCPR for reconsideration at its annual Session.

Step 8 Adoption by the Commission. The draft standard is submitted through the Secretariat to the Executive Committee for critical review and to the Commission, together with any written proposals received from members and interested international organizations, with a view to its adoption as a Codex standard.

加速程序

第1步 CAC应根据执行委员会严格审查的结果和大会表决的三分之二多数票，确定哪些标准可以采用加速程序。也可根据CCPR会议表决的三分之二多数票来确定，但需经CAC批准。

第2步 提出标准建议草案。秘书处安排起草标准建议草案，在制订农药MRL时，由JMPR提出MRLs建议草案及开展残留风险评估工作的其他相关信息。

第3步 征求意见。将标准建议草案送交CAC成员国和相关国际组织，征求其对所有方面的意见，包括标准建议草案可能对经济利益的影响。

第4步 CCPR会议审议。秘书处将收到的意见转交CCPR大会进行审查。

第5步 提交CAC大会审议。标准建议草案通过秘书处转交执行委员会审查并提交CAC大会审议通过，成为一项法典标准。

农药残留限量法典标准的制定过程是由JMPR评估并提出建议值，CCPR讨论通过提交当年的CAC大会讨论通过后，发布为CAC标准，如不能通过，则循环审议。

The Accelerated Procedure

Step 1 The Commission, on the basis of a two-thirds majority of votes cast, taking into account the outcome of the critical review conducted by the Executive Committee, shall identify those standards which shall be the subject of an accelerated elaboration process. The identification may also be made by CCPR on the basis of a two-thirds majority of votes cast at its Session, subject to the confirmation by the Commission.

Step 2 Make available a proposed draft standard. The Secretariat arranges for the preparation of a proposed draft standard. In the case of MRL for pesticides, JMPR makes available the recommendations of MRL and any other relevant information regarding residue risk assessment work it conducted.  

Step 3 Call for Comments. The Proposed draft standard is sent to CAC members and interested international organizations for comment on all aspects including possible implications of the proposed draft standard for their economic interests.

Step 4 Consideration by CCPR. The comments received are sent by the Secretariat to CCPR for consideration at its annual Session.

Step 5 Adoption at the Commission. The proposed draft standard is submitted through the Secretariat to the Executive Committee for critical review and to the Commission for review, with a view to its adoption as a Codex standard.

The procedure for the elaboration of Codex standards for pesticide residue limits encompasses the recommended MRLs of JMPR on the basis of its risk assessment, MRL consideration and adoption at CCPR, and their adoption as Codex standards after the review at the Commission. Those MRLs that were not adopted at the Commission will be subject to consideration again.