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德州大学西南医疗中心的研究人员在一项动物实验中发现,一种被认为是老年痴呆疾病“罪魁祸首”的小蛋白,其作用能够被其他的脑蛋白抵消。
这项研究结果发表在Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences杂志上,为抵抗这种疾病提供了一个有前途的新方法。
研究人员介绍说,大脑中这种有害的蛋白,叫beta-amyloid,当其执行正确的功能时,能够抑制与记忆和学习有关的神经元活性。这就相当于一个交通红绿灯,当神经元从相邻细胞接收到刺激信号时该蛋白会抑制神经细胞以免其过于活跃。然而由于老年痴呆患者大脑过多的beta-amyloid堆积,神经细胞变得不是很敏感。
另外还有一个大脑蛋白叫Reelin,其就像交通绿灯,能使神经细胞对相邻细胞的信号更加敏感。
研究人员将Reelin直接作用到切割自老鼠的大脑,结果发现,其抵消了过多的beta-amyloid对神经细胞的完全沉默。
在这项研究中,研究人员记录了老鼠海马体中的电流。海马体是一个与学习和记忆有关的大脑区域。从试验中,他们发现Reelin和beta-amyloid与同样的蛋白质块互作。该蛋白块叫NMDA受体,其在协调相邻细胞的化学信号方面承担了重要的作用。他们发现Reelin激活则对NMDA受体的应答增强。过多的beta-amyloid存在时,受体会移入细胞,降低了细胞对信号的敏感性。相反,在Reelin集中的地方,受体仍然处于活性状态,使细胞能够不断的接收刺激信号。
Herz博士介绍说,这项研究尤其重要,因为这种机制还包括另外一个蛋白即ApoE4,其是目前常见的神经性疾病的首要风险因子。受体绑定ApeE分子时同样也会绑定Reelin,这是细胞“红绿灯”复合物的一个部分,能够控制NMDA受体的敏感性。
这项研究结果表明,Reelin,ApoE和beta-amyloid趋于相同的分子机制,对老年痴呆疾病的发展起着决定性作用。该研究也为“ApoE受体具有抑制老年痴呆疾病发展的作用”这一理论建立了依据。(生物谷Bioon.com)
生物谷推荐原始出处:
PNAS September 2, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0908176106
Reelin signaling antagonizes β-amyloid at the synapse
Murat S. Durakoglugila, Ying Chena, Charles L. Whiteb, Ege T. Kavalalic and Joachim Herza,c,1
Communicated by Michael S. Brown, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, July 30, 2009
Abnormal processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque accumulation are defining features of Alzheimer disease (AD), a genetically complex neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by progressive synapse loss and neuronal cell death. Aβ induces synaptic dysfunction in part by altering the endocytosis and trafficking of AMPA and NMDA receptors. Reelin is a neuromodulator that increases glutamatergic neurotransmission by signaling through the postsynaptic ApoE receptors Apoer2 and Vldlr and thereby potently enhances synaptic plasticity. Here we show that Reelin can prevent the suppression of long-term potentiation and NMDA receptors, which is induced by levels of Aβ comparable to those present in an AD-afflicted brain. This reversal is dependent upon the activation of Src family tyrosine kinases. At high concentrations of Aβ peptides, Reelin can no longer overcome the Aβ induced functional suppression and this coincides with a complete blockade of the Reelin-dependent phosphorylation of NR2 subunits. We propose a model in which Aβ, Reelin, and ApoE receptors modulate neurotransmission and thus synaptic stability as opposing regulators of synaptic gain control.
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