Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cooperate with Bone Marrow Cells in Therapy of Diabetes

ABSTRACT
Several recent studies have suggested that the adult bone marrow harbours cells that can influence β-cell
regeneration in diabetic animals. Other reports, however, contradicted these findings. To address this issue, we used an animal model of type 1 diabetes in which the disease was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) in mice. Freshly prepared sex-mismatched bone marrow cells (BMC) and syngeneic or allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were concomitantly administrated into sublethally irradiated diabetic mice. Blood glucose and serum
insulin concentrations rapidly returned to normal levels accompanied with efficient tissue regeneration after a single injection of a mixture of 106 BMC/105MSCs. Neither BMC nor MSC transplantation was effective alone. Successful treatment of diabetic animals was not due to the reconstitution of the damaged islet cells from the transplant since no donor-derived β-cells were found in the recovered animals, indicating a graft initiated endogenous repair process. Moreover, MSC injection caused the disappearance of β-cell-specific T lymphocytes from diabetic pancreas. Therefore, we suggest that two aspects of this successful treatment regimen operate parallelly and synergistically in our model. First, BMCs and MSCs induce the regeneration of recipient derived pancreatic insulinsecreting cells. Second, MSCs inhibit T-cell-mediated immune responses against newly formed β-cells which, in turn, are able to survive in this altered immunological milieu. Thus, the application of this
therapy in human patients suffering from diabetes and/or other tissue destructive autoimmune diseases may be feasible.

骨髓间质干细胞联合骨髓细胞治疗糖尿病

糖尿病一直以来是危险人类健康的首要的疾病之一，尤其是随着生活条件的提高，肥胖人口的急剧增加，导致二型糖尿病的发病率不断上升，而这种病的治疗一直是现在无法攻克的难题，所以糖尿病的研究一直是生命医学的重头戏。

目前来说，糖尿病的治疗主要集中在三个方面：药物治疗，胰岛移植和胰岛细胞的移植。在传统医学的领域，药物治疗一直作为最为重要的方法，而令人遗憾的是，并没有取得好的效果；胰岛移植是一种效果很好的治疗方法，有临床报道，这种方法可以彻底治疗糖尿病，但其最大的缺陷在于来源的不足，这大大地限制了它的研究和应用前景。

现在让我来说说，第三种治疗方法：胰岛细胞移植治疗。现在许多研究人员把目光关注到最有发展前景的胰岛细胞移植治疗。该种研究的思路是：在体外通过各种不同的方法，诱导胚胎干细胞或成体干细胞向胰岛细胞分化，收集一定数量的细胞，种植在糖尿病病人的体内，如肾脏等器官。这种方法在动物的实验研究中已取得了很好的治疗效果。但是这种方法也有一定的不足之处：一，诱导条件不成熟，诱导的细胞不均一；二，产生胰岛素的效率不高，需移植大量的胰岛细胞团。

许多研究报道，在骨髓移植的糖尿病病人中，糖尿病得到一定程度的改善，而其作用并不是骨髓细胞向胰岛细胞的分化，上述研究表明，骨髓细胞的作用在于促进损坏的胰岛细胞的再生，而骨髓间质干细胞的作用在于调节T淋巴细胞的免疫反应，抑制其对新生的胰岛细胞的破坏。

 

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