1.medium for plant growth;

2.foundation for building and civil structure;

3.raw material for industry;

4.sequestering carbon to mitigate climate change;

5.denaturing and filtering pollutants;

6.disposing of industrial and urban wastes;

7.being an archiv of human and planetary history;

8.being repository of germplasm and biodiversity;

9.maintaining and strengthing cycle of water and elements and moderating impacts of natural and anthropogenic perturbations on the environment;

10.maintaining aesthetic and cultural and artistic values of  landscape and ecosystem and preserving cultural heritage.

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