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诺奖——人类探索自然的过程
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历年获得诺奖的科学家简历
引自链接：http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009
"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
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| Photo: Gerbil, Licensed by Attribution Share Alike 3.0 | Photo: Gerbil, Licensed by Attribution Share Alike 3.0 | Photo: Jussi Puikkonen |
 1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
| USA | USA | USA |
| University of California San Francisco, CA, USA |
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA |
Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
| b. 1948 (in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia) |
b. 1961 |
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009
"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"
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| Photo: MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology | Credits: Michael Marsland/Yale University | Credits: Micheline Pelletier/Corbis |
| 1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
| United Kingdom | USA | Israel |
| MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology Cambridge, United Kingdom |
Yale University New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot, Israel |
| b. 1952 (in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India) |
b. 1940 | b. 1939 |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009
"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"
"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor"
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| Photo: Richard Epworth | Copyright © National Academy of Engineering | Photo: National Inventors Hall of Fame Foundation/SCANPIX |
 1/2 of the prize |
 1/4 of the prize |
1/4 of the prize |
| Standard Telecommunication Laboratories Harlow, United Kingdom; Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China |
Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, NJ, USA |
Bell Laboratories Murray Hill, NJ, USA |
| b. 1933 (in Shanghai, China) |
b. 1924 |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008
"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"
"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"
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| Photo: U. Montan | Photo: U. Montan | Photo: U. Montan |
| 1/2 of the prize |
1/4 of the prize |
1/4 of the prize |
| Germany | France | France |
| German Cancer Research Centre Heidelberg, Germany |
Regulation of Retroviral Infections Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur Paris, France |
World Foundation for AIDS Research and Prevention Paris |
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008
"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
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| Photo: U. Montan | Photo: U. Montan | Photo: U. Montan |
| 1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
| USA | USA | USA |
| Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) Woods Hole, MA, USA; Boston University Medical School Massachusetts, MA, USA |
Columbia University New York, NY, USA |
University of California San Diego, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
| b. 1928 (in Kyoto, Japan) |
b. 1947 | b. 1952 |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008
"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"
"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
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| Photo: University of Chicago | © The Nobel Foundation Photo: U. Montan | © The Nobel Foundation Photo: U. Montan |
| 1/2 of the prize |
1/4 of the prize |
1/4 of the prize |
| USA | Japan | Japan |
| Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago Chicago, IL, USA |
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba, Japan |
Kyoto Sangyo University; Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan |
| b. 1921 (in Tokyo, Japan) |
b. 1944 | b. 1940 |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2007
"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"
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| Photo: U. Montan | Photo: U. Montan | Photo: U. Montan |
| 1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
| USA | United Kingdom | USA |
| University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
Cardiff University Cardiff, United Kingdom |
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA |
| b. 1937 (in Italy) |
b. 1941 | b. 1925 (in United Kingdom) |
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007
"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"
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| Photo: U. Montan |
| Germany |
| Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Berlin, Germany |
| b. 1936 |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2007
"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance"
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| Photo: U. Montan | Photo: U. Montan |
| 1/2 of the prize |
1/2 of the prize |
| France | Germany |
| Université Paris-Sud; Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/THALES Orsay, France |
Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich, Germany |
| b. 1938 | b. 1939 |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2006
"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation"
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| Photo: P. Izzo | Photo: J. Bauer |
| 1/2 of the prize |
1/2 of the prize |
| USA | USA |
| NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD, USA |
University of California Berkeley, CA, USA |
| b. 1946 | b. 1945 |
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2006
"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"
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| Photo: Stanford University |
| USA |
| Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA |
| b. 1947 |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2006
"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"
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| Photo: L. Cicero | Photo: J. Mottern |
| 1/2 of the prize |
1/2 of the prize |
| USA | USA |
| Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, CA, USA |
University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, MA, USA |
| b. 1959 | b. 1960 |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005
"for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"
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| Photo: C. Northcott | Photo: U. Montan |
| 1/2 of the prize |
1/2 of the prize |
| Australia | Australia |
| NHMRC Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory, QEII Medical Centre; University of Western Australia Nedlands, Australia |
Perth, Austra |
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005
"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"
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| Photo: U. Montan | Photo: R. Paz | Photo: L.B. Hetherington |
| 1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
| France | USA | USA |
| Institut Français du Pétrole Rueil-Malmaison, France |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA, USA |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA, USA |
| b. 1930 | b. 1942 | b. 1945 |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005
"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"
"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"
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| Photo: J.Reed | Photo: Sears.P.Studio | Photo: F.M. Schmidt |
| 1/2 of the prize |
1/4 of the prize |
1/4 of the prize |
| USA | USA | Germany |
| Harvard University Cambridge, MA, USA |
University of Colorado, JILA; National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder, CO, USA |
Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik Garching, Germany; |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004
"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"
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| 1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
| USA | USA | USA |
| University of California, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics Santa Barbara, CA, USA |
California Institute of Technology (Caltech) Pasadena, CA, USA |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA, USA |
| b. 1941 | b. 1949 | b. 1951 |
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2004
"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
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| Photo: D. Porges | Photo: D. Porges | |
| 1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
| Israel | Israel | USA |
| Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel |
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel |
University of California Irvine, CA, USA |
| b. 1947 | b. 1937 (in Karcag, Hungary) |
b. 1926 |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2004
"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
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| 1/2 of the prize |
1/2 of the prize |
| USA | USA |
| Columbia University New York, NY, USA |
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle, WA, USA |
| b. 1946 | b. 1947 |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003
"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"
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| 1/2 of the prize |
1/2 of the prize |
| USA | United Kingdom |
| University of Illinois Urbana, IL, USA |
University of Nottingham, School of Physics and Astronomy Nottingham, United Kingdom |
| b. 1929 d. 2007 |
b. 1933 |
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2003
"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes"
"for the discovery of water channels"
"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"
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| 1/2 of the prize |
1/2 of the prize |
| USA | USA |
| Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, MD, USA |
Rockefeller University New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
| b. 1949 | b. 1956 |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2003
"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"
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| 1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
| USA and Russia | Russia | United Kingdom and USA |
| Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL, USA |
P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Moscow, Russia |
University of Illinois Urbana, IL, USA |
| b. 1928 | b. 1916 | b. 1938 |
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"
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| 1/4 of the prize |
1/4 of the prize |
1/2 of the prize |
| USA | Japan | USA |
| University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA |
University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan |
Associated Universities Inc. Washington, DC, USA |
| b. 1914 d. 2006 |
b. 1926 | b. 1931 (in Genoa, Italy) |
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002
"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules"
"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution"
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| 1/4 of the prize |
1/4 of the prize |
1/2 of the prize |
| USA | Japan | Switzerland |
| Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA |
Shimadzu Corp. Kyoto, Japan |
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology) Zurich, Switzerland; The Scripps Research Institute La Jolla, CA, USA |
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2002
"for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"
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| 1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
1/3 of the prize |
| United Kingdom | USA | United Kingdom |
| The Molecular Sciences Institute Berkeley, CA, USA |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA, USA |
The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Cambridge, United Kingdom |
| b. 1927 (in Union of South Africa) |
b. 1947 | b. 1942 |
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