Re-understanding of Active Volcanoes

岳中琦

下周四，即1月27日，牛年倒数第五天，虎年来临前五天，我将在香港大学用英文做一场创新研究学术报告。报告题目为Re-understanding of Active Volcanoes。

报告英文摘要如下：

The conventional understanding of active volcanoes is based on the theory of hot magma (molten rock) from mantle. Although this magma theory has been widely believed in Earth Science, the prediction of volcano eruption can be incorrect. For example, the recent massive eruption of the Tonga Hunga volcano was not predicted. The devastating eruption of the Mount Ontake volcano in Japan on Sept. 27, 2014 was also not predicted and/or warned at all, consequently caused 55 fatalities, 9 missing and more than 60 injured.

In this Tech Talk, Professor Yue will present his re-understanding of active volcanoes using his methane gas theory. This methane gas theory of active volcanoes is original and can interpret all the observed phenomena associated with active volcanoes. It can be used to correctly predict and effectively reduce the occurrence of damaging volcano eruptions. It can be further used to obtain the huge amount of natural gas resources from gas chambers of active volcanoes at several kilometers below the ground rocks.

The natural gases, generated in the liquid out core of the Earth, migrate upward and outward and further is trapped in the gas chambers in upper crustal rock mass. They make chemical and physical reactions with the surrounding rocks of the chamber. The chemical reactions release heat and produce lava, steam water H2O and other gases such as CO2, H2S and SO2. The oxygen O for the chemical reactions comes from the surrounding rocks. The lava has a less amount of oxygen than the surrounding rocks. The gas expansion and penetration power and the heat further break, weaken and soften the surrounding rock and make them into lavas, fragments, ashes and bombs. The pyroclastic deposits are carried out of the chamber by the gas expansion and uplift power and gradually form the cone-shape mountain after many small eruption events. The surrounding crust loses its rocks, the gas-rock reaction chamber becomes larger and larger, and the cone-shape mountain also becomes larger and larger. Eventually, the last eruption occurs and can breaks the upper crustal rocks and the cone-shaped mountain. The pyroclastic rocks forming the cone-shaped mountain collapse into the chamber space, where a basin or lake can be formed. Subsequently, a caldera is appeared at the former large cone-shaped mountain site.

The rapid eruption of expanding gases results in the obliteration and fragmentation of magma and rock. The greater the explosivity, the greater the amount of fragmentation. Individual eruptive fragments are called pyroclasts (“fire fragments”). Tephra (Greek, for ash) is a generic term for any airborne pyroclastic accumulation. Whereas tephra is unconsolidated, a pyroclastic rock is produced from the consolidation of pyroclastic accumulations into a coherent rock type.

部分报告内容可参见我过去在科学网撰写的博文：

1、汶川、东日本和世界各地地震、海啸和火山的启示https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-544321.html

2、错知和愚昧是日本火山爆发多人伤亡的祸首https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-832119.html

3、日本长野县北部6.8级地震与御岳火山喷发https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-845604.html

4、日本阿苏火山终于喷出岩浆了!？https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-847239.html

5、尼泊尔8.1级大地震与智利卡尔布科火山大爆发的内在联系https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-885306.html

6、印度尼西亚的火山地质考察与意义https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-897737.html

7、昨天日本阿苏火山一声巨响黑烟冲天https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-920992.html

8、周一阿苏火山黑烟冲天 周四智利地震海啸浪高https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-921428.html

9、与地学专家沙龙地震、火山的地幔气成因https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-971663.html

10、日本关东大地震、火灾与富士火山（图示）https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-975664.html

11、阿苏火山喷火、喷气和喷灰到万米高空的科学意义https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1008341.html

12、世界上第二个火山成因假说的一个新证据https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1013905.html

13、新燃岳火山喷发与311日本大地震的共同甲烷气体成因https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1103330.html

14、新燃岳火山与菱刈金矿的启示https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1107752.html

15、夏威夷Kilauea火山同时地震与喷发揭示了它们的同一甲烷气体成因https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1112484.html

16、夏威夷火山高喷9千米的启示https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1114775.html

17、夏威夷火山熔岩燃烧与蓝色火焰证实了甲烷气体成因理论与预测https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1115764.html

18、富埃戈火山与阿蒂特兰湖的科学意义https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1117720.html

19、夏威夷火山与岛链的新旧成因假说与对比分析https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1172164.html

20、图示Ridgecrest地震与南加州主要断裂、油气田和火山等的空间关系和科学意义https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1188668.html

21、山西怀仁贯穿水平地层的直立火山岩墙https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1274688.html

22、河北张北高原一座小型火山的被烧岩石https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1274784.html

23、冰岛法格拉达尔火山喷溢出大量熔浆https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-240687-1277918.html

2021年1月21日20：30写成于香港大学602办公室