电子问卷调查、电子考试、电子投票系统规格描述语言QSL及其应用

程京德

放在这里的是本人及学生们在“电子问卷调查、电子考试、电子投票系统规格描述语言QSL及其应用”研究方向的系列论文，一方面留作保存记录，另一方面提供给学生们和有兴趣者获取。

QSL的初始设想在研究室开发和使用电子问卷调查系统生成和管理WEB服务系统ENQUETE-BAISE时萌发，终于在本人关门弟子之一的周原同学博士论文工作中基本完成了设计和定义，可喜可贺。

今后的工作是开发基于QSL的电子问卷调查、电子考试、电子投票系统生成和管理WEB服务系统以及应用环境，“任重而道远”。

Y. Zhou, Y. Goto, and J. Cheng, “QSL: A Specification Language for E-Questionnaire, E-Testing, and E-Voting Systems,” IEICE Transaction on Information and Systems, Vol. E102-D, No. 11, pp. 2159-2175, IEICE, November 2019.

Abstract：“Many kinds of questionnaires, testing, and voting are performed in some completely electronic ways to do questions and answers on the Internet as Web applications, i.e. e-questionnaire systems, e-testing systems, and e-voting systems. Because there is no unified communication tool among the stakeholders of e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems, until now, all the e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems are designed, developed, used, and maintained in various ad hoc ways. As a result, the stakeholders are difficult to communicate to implement the systems, because there is neither an exhaustive requirement list to have a grasp of the overall e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems nor a standardized terminology for these systems to avoid ambiguity. A general-purpose specification language to provide a unified description way for specifying various e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems can solve the problems such that the stakeholders can refer to and use the complete requirements and standardized terminology for better communications, and can easily and unambiguously specify all the requirements of systems and services of e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting, even can implement the systems. In this paper, we propose the first specification language, named “QSL,” with a standardized, consistent, and exhaustive list of requirements for specifying various e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems such that the specifications can be used as the precondition of automatically generating e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems. The paper presents our design addressing that QSL can specify all the requirements of various e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems in a structured way, evaluates its effectiveness, performs real applications using QSL in case of e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems, and shows various QSL applications for providing convenient QSL services to stakeholders.”

PDF: QSL_IEICE-e102-d_11_2159.pdf

Y. Zhou, Y. Goto, and J. Cheng, “Improvement of QSL by Ontologies of E-Questionnaire, E-Testing, and E-Voting  Systems,” in J. J. J. Park, L. T. Yang, Y.-S. Jeong, and F. Hao (Eds.), “Advanced Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering / Future Information Technology – MUE/FutureTech 2019,” Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol. 590, pp. 257-264, Springer, April 2019.

Abstract：“QSL is the first specification language for specifying various e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems. Although the terminologies among systems and services of e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting are different, QSL has explicitly summed up three kinds of terminologies into one, so that causes QSL has poor usability. The ontologies to summarize the terminologies in e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems, to find out the corresponding relations with terminology of QSL, and to clarify the relations of e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems can improve usability of QSL, so that the stakeholders can communicate and write requirement specifications easily. However, there is no ontology of e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems. This paper proposes the ontologies for e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems. Based on the ontologies, we present the improvement of QSL, so that stakeholders can use arbitrary specific terminologies to specify the requirement specifications for other kinds of systems and services.”

PDF: QSL_FutureTech2019LNEE590.pdf

Y. Zhou, M. Matsuura, Y. Goto, and J. Cheng, “Evaluation about the Descriptive Power of QSL: A Specification Language for E-Questionnaire, E-Testing, and E-Voting Systems,” Proceedings of the IEEE SmartWorld 2018 – 4th IEEE Smart World Congress, pp. 198-203, IEEE Computer Society, October 2018.

Abstract：“QSL is proposed as the first specification language to provide standardized, consistent, and exhaustive specifications for specifying various e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems. However, it has not been ascertained whether QSL has enough descriptive power, i.e., whether QSL is enough to specify various e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems. This paper presents the evaluation about the descriptive power of QSL manifesting in specifying various e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems. As the results, this paper shows that QSL can be used to specify various e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e- voting, as well as the data and the corresponding systems. In addition, QSL is a better tool because the descriptive power of QSL can cover e-questionnaire, e-testing, e-voting, and the corresponding systems.”

PDF: QSL_AISE2018.pdf

Y. Zhou, H. Gao, and J. Cheng, “An Extension of QSL for E-voting Systems,” in J. J. Park, Y. Pan, G. Yi and V. Loia (Eds.), “Advances in Computer Science and Ubiquitous Computing - CSA- CUTE2016,” Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol. 421, pp. 87-96, Springer, January 2017.

Abstract：“E-voting is an electronic way to provide voting processes beginning from preparing ballots, following by authenticating voters and candidate registrations, through casting votes, and ending to tallying and declaring collected answers. Nowadays, there are many kinds of e-voting systems implemented to provide e-voting services over the Internet. However, there is no ad hoc method to cover the gap caused by difficult communications. QSL is a specification language for e-questionnaire systems that serves as a communication tool for specifying e-questionnaires and e-questionnaire systems. QSL is an ideal candidate because of similar processes between e-questionnaire and e-voting. The current version of QSL is reckoned without e-voting and e-voting systems. This paper proposes an extension of QSL for specifying e-voting and e-voting systems, and presents two cases using QSL for e-voting systems to show its effectiveness.”

PDF: QSL_CSA2016LNEE421.pdf

H. Gao, Z. Wang, Y. Zhou, and J. Cheng, “Development of a General-Purpose Offline E-Testing Environment,” Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security, pp. 603-607, IEEE Computer Society Press, December 2016.

Abstract： “Nowadays, many school teachers start to execute E-testing in classrooms due to its time and labor-saving. It is not easy that teachers want to block access to the Internet for online cheating activities. Therefore, an offline E-testing system is needed. However, existing offline E-testing systems are always developed ad hoc for particular purpose and procedures. This paper presents a general-purpose offline E- testing environment and shows its usefulness, security, and conveniency in a practical application.”

PDF: QSL_ICCIS16.pdf

Y. Zhou, H. Gao, and J. Cheng, “QSL: A Specification Language for E-Questionnaire, E-Testing, and E-Voting Systems,” in J. J. Park, H. Jin, Y. Jeong and M. K. Khan (Eds.), “Advanced Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering - FutureTech & MUE,” Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol. 393, pp. 255-261, Springer, August 2016.

Abstract：“E-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting are the essential ingredients of modern communities as the methods for a group to express a choice, a preference, or an opinion by an e-paper. Many kinds of e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems are implemented to provide e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting services on the Internet. However, there is a gap manifested in difficult communications among questioners, developers, and systems. To cover the gap, this paper proposes QSL, the first specification language with a standardized, consistent, and exhaustive list of requirements for specifying various e- questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems such that the specifications can be used as the premise of automatically generating e-questionnaire, e-testing, and e-voting systems. This paper also presents QSL structure satisfying stability and extensibility, shows various QSL applications for providing convenient QSL services to questioner and developer.”

PDF: QSL_FutureTech2016LNEE393.pdf

Z. Wang, Y. Zhou, B. Wang, Y. Goto, and J. Cheng, “An Extension of QSL for E-testing and Its Application in an Offline E- testing Environment,” in J. J. Park, H. Chao, H. Arabnia, and N. Y. Yen (Eds.), “Advanced Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering - Future Information Technology,” Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol. 352, pp. 7-14, Springer, May 2015.

Abstract：“E-testing is to perform all processes from preparing questions to marking collected answer of the questions in a completely electronic way. Now, various e-testing are done, and there are many kinds of e-testing systems. When people want to do an e-testing or order a new e-testing system, they should specify the e-testing or e-testing system. A Specification language helps to create precise and adequate specifications of e-testing and e-testing systems is demanded. QSL is a specification language for specifying various e-questionnaire and e-questionnaire systems. QSL is a hopeful candidate of the required specification language because both testing and questionnaire have similar processes. However, the current version of QSL does not take e-testing and e-testing systems into account. This paper presents an extension of QSL to deal with e-testing and e-testing systems, and shows a real application of extended QSL in case of an offline e-testing environment.” 

PDF: QSL_FutureTech2015LNEE352.pdf

Y. Zhou, Y. Goto, and J. Cheng, “QSL: A Specification Language for E-questionnaire Systems,” Proceedings of 5th IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science, pp. 224-230, IEEE press, June 2014.

Abstract：“Questionnaire is a general and indispensable method used frequently and widely in many academic, engineering, medical, commercial and political survey research activities to collect information about opinion or behavior of some groups of people. Today, many questionnaires are performed on the Internet by some ways of web applications. However, until now, there is no questionnaire specification language that can be used to specify various e-questionnaire systems. This paper proposes the first specification language named “QSL” for various e- questionnaire systems. QSL can be used to specify not only various questionnaires but also various e-questionnaire systems. The paper presents an analysis of the primitive elements of questionnaires and e-questionnaire systems, defines the specification language QSL, and discusses its completeness and effectiveness.”

PDF: QSL_ICSESS14.pdf

J. Cheng, Y. Goto, M. Koide, K. Nagahama, M. Someya, Y. Utsumi, and A. Shionoiri, "ENQUETE-BAISE: A General-Purpose E-Questionnaire Server for Ubiquitous Questionnaire," Proceedings of 2nd IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference, pp. 187-194, IEEE Computer Society Press, December 2007. (Best Paper Award)

Abstract: “Questionnaire is a general and indispensable method frequently and widely used in many academic, engineering, medical, commercial, and political survey research activities to obtain systematic data and information.  Ubiquitous questionnaire, i.e., to provide users with E-questionnaire services anytime and anywhere such that one can use E-questionnaire servers without even thinking about them, is an ideal ubiquitous service in service-oriented computing.  Until now, there is no E-questionnaire server that is generally accepted and widely used.  This paper presents a general-purpose E-questionnaire server we are developing for ubiquitous questionnaire, named “ENQUETE-BAISE,” that can be used as a ready-made E-questionnaire server component in various web service systems as well as an alone E-questionnaire server with general-purpose for various questionnaires. ENQUETE-BAISE can also be used as an E-voting server with general-purpose by restricting its general functions and strengthening its security functions.  The paper proposes the notion of ubiquitous questionnaire, presents a requirement analysis for ubiquitous questionnaire servers, introduces in brief persistent computing systems which are indispensable to implementation of ubiquitous questionnaire servers, and presents the architecture and facilities of ENQUETE-BAISE.”

PDF: ENQUETE-BAISE_APSCC07.pdf