“罗素茶壶”（Russell’s teapot，Cosmic Teapot）是伯特兰-罗素（1872-1970）提出的一个比喻，以之驳斥正统派人士声称“怀疑论在怀疑宗教主张的不可证伪性时具有举证责任”的说法。

在一篇作于1952年但从未发表的短文《神存在吗？》里，罗素写到：

-  许多正统派人士认为，应该由怀疑者来证伪那些公认的教条，而不是由那些教条主义者来证实它们。这当然是错误的。如果我说，地球和火星之间有个瓷制茶壶以椭圆轨道绕太阳公转，只要我小心地补充说明这茶壶实在太小，即使用我们最强大的望远镜也找不到它，那么没有人可以证伪我的主张。但如果我声称，既然我的声明断言被推翻，那么向它提出怀疑对人类理性来说就是不可容忍的，我自然应当被看作在胡言乱语。但假设这茶壶的存在被古书所支持，并在每个星期日以神圣真理的形式教导给大众，并在学校里灌输给孩子们，那怀疑茶壶存在的人会被当作反常的特征，怀疑者在启蒙时代会受精神科医师注意，在更早的时代中则会被视为异端而受审判。

• Many orthodox people speak as though it were the business of sceptics to disprove received dogmas rather than of dogmatists to prove them. This is, of course, a mistake. If I were to suggest that between the Earth and Mars there is a china teapot revolving about the sun in an elliptical orbit, nobody would be able to disprove my assertion provided I were careful to add that the teapot is too small to be revealed even by our most powerful telescopes. But if I were to go on to say that, since my assertion cannot be disproved, it is intolerable presumption on the part of human reason to doubt it, I should rightly be thought to be talking nonsense. If, however, the existence of such a teapot were affirmed in ancient books, taught as the sacred truth every Sunday, and instilled into the minds of children at school, hesitation to believe in its existence would become a mark of eccentricity and entitle the doubter to the attentions of the psychiatrist in an enlightened age or of the Inquisitor in an earlier time.

“罗素茶壶”可以看作是“奥卡姆剃刀”的一个说明。

参考文献：

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell%27s_teapot