哈佛大学古植物学：悠久淡定 & 仍在路上

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University

    哈佛大学创建于1636年。直到19世纪中叶，哈佛大学才开始采用欧洲人的现代科学理念和技术方法开展化石植物的采集、收藏和研究。

1846年，出生瑞士的著名地质古生物学家Louis Agassiz（1807--1873）来到美国。同年，他当选为美国人文和科学院外籍荣誉院士。不久，Louis Agassiz开始供职于哈佛大学，担任动物学和地质学教授。在Louis Agassiz等人的积极倡导下，林肯政府于1863年创建了美国科学院。Louis Agassiz本人成为美国科学院首批院士之一，并担任该院首任外事秘书（1863--1873）。无论对于哈佛地质古生物学，还是对于全美国地质古生物学，Louis Agassiz均是具有划时代意义的代表人物之一。

1857年，哈佛大学创建了植物博物馆（The Botanical Museum）。翌年，Louis Agassiz创建了动物博物馆（英文全名为“Museum of Comparative Zoology”）。这两个博物馆是哈佛大学开展古植物学等研究的重要平台。

现在，很少有人知道Louis Agassiz的儿子-- Alexander Emmanuel Rodolphe Agassiz（1835--1910）也是非常著名的科学家和实业家，他酷爱自然历史，并参加、推动自然历史的实际研究。1855年Alexander Agassiz在哈佛大学毕业。之后，他继续学习工程和化学，1857年获得科学学士学位。1862年，Alexander Agassiz当选为美国人文和科学院院士；1866年当选为美国科学院院士。1901—1907年，Alexander Agassiz担任美国科学院院长。

古植物学有两条“腿”，一条“腿”是地质学，另一条“腿”是植物学。全面而客观地透视哈佛大学古植物学的发展历史不能不考虑哈佛大学现代植物学的崛起进程及其对古植物学研究的渗透和交叉。

在哈佛大学植物学历史上，Asa Gray（1810--1888）是一位划时代的人物。Asa Gray常被尊称为“美国植物学之父”。1842年，AsaGray 担任哈佛大学“自然历史教授”，一直到1873年。

Asa Gray的学术继承人Charles Sprague Sargent（1841--1927）“统治”哈佛大学植物学长达55年（1872--1927），对哈佛大学植物学的历史发展影响深远。必须指出是的，哈佛大学与中国植物学的兴起和发展有着深厚的历史渊源。中国著名植物分类家钱崇澍（S. S.Chien，1893--1965）、陈焕镛（W. Y.Chun，1890--1971）、胡先骕（H. H. Hu，1894--1968）和钟心煊(H. H.Chung，1892--1961)都在哈佛大学接受过专业训练。

瑞士人Leo Lesquereux (1806--1889)是著名植物学家、地质学家和古植物学家，他跟随Louis Agassiz来到美国。Leo Lesquereux经常被尊称为“美国古植物学之父”。在19世纪60年代，Leo Lesquereux参与哈佛大学的古植物学研究活动。

20世纪初，哈佛大学的现代植物形态解剖学家和研究生对植物化石产生兴趣，并开展一些开拓性的工作。用生物学思想和方法研究古植物学是巨大的历史进步：古植物学主要是“生物学”内容，也离不开“演化”意义。

孙启高2014年11月6日

Catalogue of Amhercian palaeobotany unmbrella--7 Nov 2014.pdf

-----------------

附：哈佛大学与古植物学有关的学位论文总目录

∮1 植物形态学解剖家的工作

Title: The development, structure and affinities of the genusequisetum.

• Author:Jeffrey, Edward     C. (EdwardCharles), 1866-

• Subject:Equisetum.

• Language: English

• Notes: Thesis note: Ph. D. Harvard     University 1899

• HOLLIS Number: 003864649

• Creation Date: 1899

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮2植物形态学解剖家的工作

• Title: The morphology     of Agathis australis (Lamb.) Steud.

• Author:Eames, Arthur Johnson, 1881-

• Language: English

• Notes: Thesis note: Thesis (Ph.     D.)--Harvard University, 1912.

• HOLLIS Number: 003838688

• Creation Date: 1912

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮3植物形态学解剖家的工作

• Title: The morphology     of the reproductive structures in the Podocarpineae.

• Author:Sinnott, Edmund Ware, 1888-

• Language: English

• Notes: Thesis note: Thesis (Ph.     D.)--Harvard University, 1913.

• HOLLIS Number: 003918458

• Creation Date: 1913

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮4植物形态学解剖家的工作

• Title: On Mesozoic     Tertiary coniferous woods.

• Author:Torrey, RayEthan, 1887-1956.

• Language: English

• Notes: Thesis note: Thesis (Ph.     D.)--Harvard University, 1918.

• HOLLIS Number: 003978698

• Creation Date: 1918

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮5植物形态学解剖家的工作

• Title: The ontogenetic     development and phylogenetic specialization of rays in the xylem of     conifers and dicotyledons.

• Author:Barghoorn, Elso S.

• Description: p. photographs. 28 x 21 cm.

• Language: English

• Notes: Submitted to:     Dept. of Biology.
      Typewritten.
      Inserted: Origin and development of the uniseriate ray in the coniferae     reprinted from the Bulletin of the Torrey Club, vol. 67, pp. 308-328.-The     Ontogenetic development and phylogenetic specialization of rays in the     xylem of dicotyledons. I. The primitive ray structure reprinted from the     American Journal of Botany, December, 1940, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 918-928.
  Thesis note: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1941.

• HOLLIS Number: 003748427

• Creation Date: 1941

• Source: HVD ALEPH

----------------------

William Spackman Jr. (1919--2004)

• Title: The flora of the Brandon     lignite; geological aspects and a comparison of the flora with its modern     equivalents.

• Author / Creator:Spackman, William, Jr.

• Language:     English

• Notes: Submitted     to: Dept. of Biology.
  Thesis note: Ph. D. Harvard     University 1949

• Creation     Date: 1949

• HOLLIS     Number: 003962782

• Permalink:     http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/003962782/catalog

• Source:     HVD ALEPH

-----------------------

∮5 古孢粉学的工作

• Title: The pollen and spores of the     Brandon lignite, a coal in Vermont of lower Tertiary age.

• Author:Traverse, Alfred, 1925-

• Language:     English

• Notes:     Thesis     note: Thesis     (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1951.

• HOLLIS     Number: 003978817

• Creation     Date: 1951

• Source:     HVD ALEPH

∮6古孢粉学的工作

• Title: Late-glacial pollen diagrams     from Central Massachusetts.

• Author:Davis, MargaretBryan.

• Language:     English

• Notes:     Submitted to:     Dept. of Biology.
  Thesis note: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Radcliffe     College, 1957.

• HOLLIS     Number: 003829874

• Creation     Date: 1957

• Source:     HVD ALEPH

∮7 前寒武纪的微体古生物学

• Title:Contributions of Precambrian paleobiology;investigations of early, middle and late Precambrian microorganisms withparticular emphasis on the paleobiology of the late Precambrian Bitter Springsformation of central Australia.

• Author:Schopf, J. William, 1941-

• Language: English

• Notes: Submitted to:     Dept. of Biology.
  Thesis note: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1968.

• HOLLIS Number: 003936565

• Creation Date: 1968

• Source: HVD ALEPH

-------------------------

James A. Dolye's  Ph. D. thesis--

• Title:Evolutionary and stratigraphic studies on cretaceous angiosperm pollen.

• Author / Creator:Doyle, Alan

• Language:English
  

• Notes:Submitted to: Dept. of Biology.
  Thesis note: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1971.
  

• Creation Date:1971
  

• HOLLIS Number:003820110
  

• Permalink:http://id.lib.harvard.edu/aleph/003820110/catalog
  

• Source:HVD ALEPH

------------------------------

∮8 化石木的研究

• Title: Silification of     wood.

• Author:Leo, Richard Francis, 1933-

• Subject:Paleobotany. -- geo;
  Trees, Fossil. -- geo

• Other subject: Paleobotany. geo;
  Trees, Fossil. geo;

• Description: vi, 90 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.

• Language: English

• Notes: Thesis note: Thesis -     Harvard, 1975.

• HOLLIS Number: 003166911

• Creation Date: 1975

Source: HVD ALEPH

∮9 叠层石

• Title: Studies in     Archean and early Proterozoic paleontology / by Andrew Herbert Knoll.

• Author:Knoll, Andrew Herbert.

• Subject:Stromatolites. -- geo;
  Geology, Stratigraphic -- Pre-Cambrian.     -- geo

• Other subject: Stromatolites. geo;
  Geology, Stratigraphic Pre-Cambrian.     geo;

• Published: Cambridge, Ma.,     1977.

• Description: xi, 211 ℓ., 18     p., 16 ℓ. of plates. : ill. ; 29 cm.

• Language: English

• Notes: References: ℓ.     167-195.
  Thesis note: Thesis--Harvard.

• HOLLIS Number: 003166869

• Creation Date: 1977

Source: HVD ALEPH

∮10  古果实学

• Title: Contributions     to a monograph of the fruit and seed flora of the Brandon lignite

• Attribution: by Bruce Haynes     Tiffney.

• Author:Tiffney, Bruce H.

• Subject:Fruit, Fossil.;
  Seeds, Fossil.;
  Paleobotany -- Tertiary.;
  Paleobotany -- Vermont.

• Published: 1977.

• Description: 303 leaves :     ill., maps ; 28 cm.

• Language: English

• Notes: Submitted to:     Dept. of Biology.
      Thesis advisor: Elso S. Barghoorn.
      Bibliography: leaves [285]-303.
  Thesis note: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1977.

• HOLLIS Number: 001336084

• Creation Date: 1977

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮11 coal ball

• Title: Quantitative     analysis of three Iowa coal ball floras

• Attribution: by Anne Raymond.    

• Author:Raymond, Anne Louise.

• Subject:Coal -- United States. -- geo;
  Paleobotany -- Iowa. -- geo

• Other subject: Coal United States. geo;
  Paleobotany Iowa. geo;

• Published: Cambridge, Ma.,     1977.

• Description: [iv] 82 [iii] ℓ.     : ill ; 29 cm.

• Language: English

• Notes: Thesis note: Thesis (B.A.) -     Harvard.

• HOLLIS Number: 003171169

• Creation Date: 1977

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮12 古植被与古环境

• Title: Decline of     coniferous forest : the primary factor in extinction of Mammut americanum,     the American mastodont

• Attribution: Jessica L.     Kespohl.

• Author:Kespohl, Jessica L.

• Variant title: Spine title: Coniferous     forest decline : primary factor in extinction of the American mastodont

• Subject:Conifers -- North America.;
  Paleobotany -- Pleistocene.;
  Forest declines -- United States.;
  Mammoths -- North America.

• Published: 1990.

• Description: viii, 91 leaves     : maps ; 29 cm.

• Language: English

• Notes: Includes     bibliographical references (leaves 78-91).
  Thesis note: Thesis (A.L.M. (Biology))--Harvard University, 1990.

• HOLLIS Number: 007925061

• Creation Date: 1990

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮13

• Title: Studies in     Proterozoic paleobiology from Spitsbergen and Arctic Canada

• Attribution: by Nicholas     James Butterfield.

• Author:Butterfield, Nicholas James.

• Subject:Paleontology -- Proterozoic.;
  Paleontology -- Canada.;
  Paleontology -- Arctic regions.;
  Paleontology -- Norway -- Spitsbergen     Island.;
  Paleobiology.

• Published: 1992.

• Description: viii, 303 leaves     : ill. ; 29 cm.

• Language: English

• Notes: Includes     bibliographical references.
  Thesis note: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1992.

• HOLLIS Number: 002621425

• Creation Date: 1992

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮14  古人类、古植物与古环境

• Title: Stable isotopic     evidence for hominid paleoenvironments in East Africa

• Attribution: by John Dryden     Kingston.

• Author:Kingston, John Dryden.

• Subject:Paleopedology -- Kenya.;
  Paleobotany -- Kenya.;
  Paleoecology -- Kenya.;
  Paleobotany -- Neogene.

• Published: 1992.

• Description: x, 162 leaves :     ill. ; 29 cm.

• Language: English

• Author:Harvard University. Department of     Anthropology. Theses.

• Notes: Includes     bibliographical references.
  Thesis note: Ph. D. Harvard University 1992

• HOLLIS Number: 002623246

• Creation Date: 1992

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮15 古植物与古环境

• Title: Reconstructing     community dynamics in a Pennsylvanian floodplain forest

• Attribution: by Nan Crystal     Arens.

• Author:Arens, Nan Crystal.

• Subject:Paleobotany -- Pennsylvanian;
  Paleobotany -- Nova Scotia.;
  Paleoecology -- Nova Scotia.

• Published: 1993.

• Description: ix, 312 leaves :     ill., maps ; 29 cm.

• Language: English

• Notes: Includes     bibliographical references (leaves [264]-302).
  Thesis note: Thesis (Ph. D.)--Harvard University, 1993.

• HOLLIS Number: 003980412

• Creation Date: 1993

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮16 古人类、古植物与古环境

• Title: Paleobotanical     nitrogen isotopes and the classic Maya collapse : exploring nitrogen     dynamics in ancient soils through isotope ratios in archaeological maize

• Attribution: Marco Benjamin     Simons.

• Author:Simons, Marco Benjamin.

• Subject:Mayas -- Agriculture.;
  Plant remains (Archaeology) -- Belize.;
  Soils -- Nitrogen content -- Belize.;
  Paleobotany -- Belize.;
  Paleobotany -- Methodology.;
  Nitrogen -- Isotopes.

• Published: 1997.

• Description: v, 96 leaves :     ill., maps ; 28 cm.

• Language: English

• Author:Harvard University. Department of     Anthropology. Senior honors theses.

• Notes: Includes     bibliographical references (leaves 82-94).
  Thesis note: A.B., Honors in Environmental Science and Public     Policy, and Anthropology Harvard University 1997
  Awards: Thomas T. Hoopes Prize--Harvard University, 1997.

• Other title: Environmental Information Services     Collection.;

• HOLLIS Number: 007561379

• Creation Date: 1997

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮17 古植物学与科学史

      Title: The educational     aspects and impacts of George Henry Hudson's scientific writings

• Attribution: by Eric J.     Kirleis.

• Author:Kirleis, Eric J.

• Subject:Hudson, George H. (George Henry), --     1855-1934.;
  Paleobotanists -- United States.;
  Paleobiology.

• Published: 1998.

• Description: v, 84 leaves ;     29 cm.

• Language: English

• Notes: Includes     bibliographical references (leaves [82]-84).
  Thesis note: Thesis (A.L.M.)--Harvard University, 1998.

• HOLLIS Number: 010098528

• Creation Date: 1998

• Source: HVD ALEPH

∮18 化石硅藻等相关研究

• Title: Evolution of     Silica Biomineralizing Plankton.

• Author:Kotrc, Benjamin.

• Summary: Abstract: The     post-Paleozoic history of the silica cycle involves just two groups of     marine plankton, radiolarians and diatoms. I apply paleobiological methods     to better understand the Cenozoic evolution of both groups. The Cenozoic     rise in diatom diversity has long been related to a concurrent decline in     radiolarian test silicification. I address evolutionary questions on both     sides of this coevolutionary coin: Was the taxonomic diversification of     diatoms accompanied by morphological diversification? Is our view of     morphological diatom diversification affected by sampling biases? What evolutionary     mechanisms underlie the macroevolutionary decline in radiolarian     silicification?

• Subject:Silica.;
  Plankton, Fossil.;
  Biomineralization.;
  Paleobiology.

• Other subject: Keyword: Paleontology;
  Keyword: Geobiology;

• Publication     info: Produced:     2013    

• Description: xiv, 379 leaves     ; 28 cm

• Language: English

• Author:Knoll, Andrew H., dissertation advisor.;
  Mitrovica, Jerry X., dissertation     committee member.;
  Johnston, David, dissertation committee     member.

• Notes: Keywords:     cenozoic, diatoms, morphospace, radiolarians, silica, subsampling.
      Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-181).
  Thesis note: Thesis Ph.D. Harvard University 2013

• HOLLIS Number: 013845604

• Creation Date: 2013

• Source: HVD ALEPH

===============

本期编目

古植物学的故事234期[总第235期]

Story of Palaeobotany Series (No.234) [The 235^thissue in total]

Umbrella of American palaeobotany-5

哈佛大学古植物学：悠久淡定 & 仍在路上

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-225931-841687.html

2014-11-7 02:48

=============

相关阅读：

古植物学的故事（38）：美国科学院的古植物学院士与外籍院士

Story of Palaeobotany Series (No.38): Members and foreign associates of National Academy of Sciences(USA) regarding palaeobotany [In Chinese with someEnglish citations]

http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=327253

发表于 2010-5-21 23:10:47

古植物学的故事(75)：

中国与美国古植物学交流与合作的大门是如何被打开的？

Story of Palaeobotany of Series(75): How was the door to the academic communication and cooperation between Chinese and American palaeobotanists re-opened in the 1970s? (in Chinese)

http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=378602

发表于 2010-10-30 11:36:36

古植物学的故事（127期）

美国古植物学是如何崛起的？(之十四)

没有博士学位的哈佛古植物学家William Culp Darrah（1909--1989）

Story of Palaeobotany Series (127):

How did American palaeobotany rise? (Part XIV)

Harvard palaeobotanist William Culp Darrah（1909--1989）[In Chinese]

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=225931&do=blog&quickforward=1&id=468850

2011-7-2707:45

古植物学的故事（125期）

美国当代古植物学家（之四）

美国科学院院士、哈佛大学古植物学家Elso Sterrenberg Barghoorn Jr.(1915--1984)

Story of Palaeobotany Series(125):

Modern American palaeobotanist(Part IV)

Harvard palaeobotanist Elso Sterrenberg Barghoorn Jr.(NAS, 1915--1984) [In Chinese]

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=225931&do=blog&quickforward=1&id=467085

2011-7-2122:37

古植物学的故事（122期）

美国古植物学是如何崛起的？(之十三)

美国科学院院士、木材解剖学家Irving Widmer Bailey (1884-1967)

Story of Palaeobotany Series (122):

How did American palaeobotany rise? (Part XIII)

Wood anatomist Irving Widmer Bailey (NAS, 1884-1967) [In Chinese]

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=225931&do=blog&quickforward=1&id=463431

2011-7-1008:04

古植物学的故事（94）

美国古植物学是如何崛起的？(之一)

美国古植物学先驱Charles LéoLesquereux

Story of Palaeobotany Series (94):

How did American palaeobotany rise? (Part I)

Charles Léo Lesquereux (1806—1889), a founder of American palaeobotany [English information with Chineseintroduction]

http://www.sciencetimes.com.cn/blog/user_content.aspx?id=400747

发表于 2011-1-4 4:46:10

 ===============