独立科学家

Independent scientist  

James Lovelock (1919--)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lovelock

James EphraimLovelock, CH, CBE, FRS,Ph.D (born 26 July1919) is an independent scientist, environmentalistand futurologistwho lives in Devon,England. He isbest known for proposing the Gaiahypothesis, which postulates that the biosphere isa self-regulating entity with the capacity to keep our planet healthy bycontrolling the chemical and physical environment.

 I think, Charles Darwin (1809--1882) was an independent scientist too.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Darwin