Lewin’s (1948) three styles of leadership and group dynamics provided the basis for
Dreikurs’ (1995) formulation concerning parental styles. Baumrind’s (1971) later
parenting typology, also based on Lewin, focused on parent– child dyads, whereas
Dreikurs referred to the total family patterning with parents as group leaders. The
present article measured young adults’ perceived parenting values that occurred in
childhood and corresponded to Dreikurs’ and Lewin’s leadership styles: autocratic,
democratic, and laissez-faire. This investigation was the foundation for a long-term
program of research. Two large samples of college students in a midwestern university
provided data that partially supported the Lewin–Dreikurs three-factor formulation for
leadership styles and that, interestingly, also revealed an independent individualism
factor described by Triandis (1995). Implications of the findings are discussed.
Keywords: parenting leadership style, Adlerian parenting, Dreikurs’ group dynamics,
factor analysis of parenting values
Lewin and colleagues (Lewin, 1948; Lewin,
Lippitt, &White, 1939) described three types of
groups according to their leadership styles, social
climates, and interpersonal dynamics
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