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为什么南阳师院“技术影响排序”超过北大和中科院?
诸平
整体无法比拟
有人认为 SCImago Institutions Rankings(简称SIR)排行榜总体上感觉很不错,尤其是它是根据“硬指标”,自动生成的排名。但是在SIR排行榜中“技术影响力(Technological Impact Rank)”排名,南阳师范学院(285)高于P大(北京大学,327)和中科院(351),但是这并不能说明南阳师范学院整体水平可以与北大和中科院进行比拟,可以看看下面的其他各项指标就不难理解这个问题(见表1或者附件任何排序.doc)。我们对于任何排序,既要看单项指标,更重要的是要看整体评价,这样可能更加科学一些,以免造成误解。
表1 南阳师范学院与北京大学和中科院的比较
排序指标 | 南阳师范学院 | 北京大学 | 中国科学院 |
Output Rank | 2688(2012); 2787(2014) | 36(2012); 32(2013); 30(2014) | 2(2012); 2(2013); 2(2014) |
Scientific Talent Pool Rank | 2376(2012); 2288(2014) | 13(2012); 11(2013); 10(2014) | 2(2012); 2(2013); 2(2014) |
Excellence Rank | 2095(2012); 2038(2014) | 1105(2012); 1088(2013); 1053(2014) | 1236(2012); 1236(2013); 1237(2014) |
Leadership Rank | 1376(2012); 1356(2014) | 453(2012); 535(2013); 613(2014) | 605(2012); 635(2013); 660(2014) |
Excellence with Leadership Rank | 1256(2012); 1172(2014) | 514(2012); 462(2013); 417(2014) | 516(2012); 474(2013); 442(2014) |
International Collaboration Rank | 3013(2012); 3180(2014) | 1907(2012); 1902(2013); 1965(2014) | 2091(2012); 2118(2013); 2200(2014) |
Normalized Impact Rank | 4432(2012); 4727(2014) | 2351(2012); 2179(2013); 2066(2014) | 2136(2012); 2024(2013); 1955(2014) |
Specialization Rank | 1830(2012); 3139(2014) | 2490(2012); 2557(2013); 2486(2014) | 4005(2012); 4170(2013); 4222(2014) |
Q1 Rank | 4013(2012); 4098(2014) | 2298(2012); 2230(2013); 2211(2014) | 2499(2012); 2494(2013); 2490(2014) |
Innovative Knowledge Rank | 463(2012); 282(2014) | 99(2012); 85(2013); 76(2014) | 6(2012); 5(2013); 5(2014) |
Technological Impact Rank | 507(2012); 285(2014) | 548(2012); 440(2013); 327(2014) | 595(2012); 477(2013); 351(2014) |
Website Size Rank | 1278th | 136th | 353th |
Inbound Links Rank | 1255th | 110th | 73th |
单项超越与科研产出量无关
SIR将评价指标分为3类:即研究(Research,其中包含9个指标)、创新(Innovation,其中包含2个指标即创新知识Innovative Knowledge和技术影响Technological Impact)以及网络(Wet,包含2个指标)。南阳师范学院就是在技术影响(Technological Impact)这项指标中,排在北京大学和中国科学院之前。而且不是一年排序如此被“颠倒”,而是两年出现“颠倒”。2012年南阳师院的技术影响力排序为第507名;较北京大学提前了40名;较中国科学院提前了88名;而2014年的排序结果,南阳师院跃升至第285名,较北京大学提前了38名,较中国科学院提前了66名。由此可见北京大学和中国科学院的技术影响力的排序提升速度超过南阳师院,中科院尤为突出。
技术影响评价指标是科研论著被专利文献引用的百分比,是一个与产出量无关的评价指标。如果技术影响力为100%,则意味着科研论著被多领域的专利文献引用。多领域其中包括农学与生物学;生物化学,遗传学及分子生物学;化学工程;化学;计算机科学;地球与行星科学;能源;工程;环境科学;医疗卫生;免疫学与微生物学;材料科学;数学;医学;综合科学;神经科学;护理学;药学,毒理学以及药剂学;物理学和天文学;社会科学,兽医学。南阳师院虽然科研产出量无法与北京大学、中国科学院进行相比,但是少量的产出成果被不同领域的专利文献引用,为这个无名小卒之辈的普通院校赢得了加分的机遇。
SIR评价指标
表2 SIR评价指标
Research 科研 | 1. Output | Total number of documents published in scholarly journals indexed in Scopus (Romo-Fernández, et al., 2011). This is a size-dependent indicator. |
2. International Collaboration | Institution's output ratio produced in collaboration with foreign institutions. The values are computed by analyzing an institution's output whose affiliations include more than one country address (Guerrero-Bote, Olmeda-Gómez and Moya- Anegón, 2013; Lancho-Barrantes, Guerrero-Bote and Moya-Anegón, 2013; Lancho-Barrantes, et al., 2013; Chinchilla-Rodríguez, et al., 2012). This is a size-independent indicator. | |
3. Normalized Impact | Normalized Impact of led output is computed using the methodology established by the Karolinska Intitutet in Sweden where it is named "Item oriented field normalized citation score average". The normalization of the citation values is done on an individual article level. The values (in decimal numbers) show the relationship between an institution's average scientific impact and the world average set to a score of 1, --i.e. a NI score of 0.8 means the institution is cited 20% below world average and 1.3 means the institution is cited 30% above average (Rehn and Kronman, 2008; González-Pereira, Guerrero-Bote and Moya- Anegón, 2011).This is a size-independent indicator. | |
4. High Quality Publications | Ratio of publications that an institution publishes in the most influential scholarly journals of the world, those ranked in the first quartile (25%) in their categories as ordered by SCImago Journal Rank (SJRII) indicator (Miguel, Chinchilla-Rodríguez and Moya-Anegón, 2011). This is a size-independent indicator. | |
5. Specialization Index | The Specialization Index indicates the extent of thematic concentration /dispersion of an institution’s scientific output. Values range between 0 and 1, indicating generalist vs. specialized institutions respectively. This indicator is computed according to the Gini Index used in Economy (Moed, et. al., 2011; López-Illescas, Moya-Anegón and Moed, 2011; Arencibia-Jorge et al., 2012). In this indicator, when the value is 0 it means that the data are not sufficient to calculate. However, it should be noted that although the resulting specialization values range between 0 and 1, these values have been normalized on a scale of 0 to 100, as the rest of indicators. This indicator is size-independent. | |
6. Excellence Rate | Excellence rate indicates the amount (in %) of an institution’s scientific output that is included into the set of the 10% of the most cited papers in their respective scientific fields. It is a measure of high quality output of research institutions (SCImago Lab, 2011; Bornmann, Moya-Anegón and Leydesdorff, 2012; Guerrero-Bote and Moya-Anegón, 2012). This is a size-independent indicator. | |
7. Scientific Leadership | Leadership indicates the percentage of an institution’s output as main contributor, that is, the amount of papers in which the corresponding author belongs to the institution (Moya-Anegón, 2012; Moya-Anegón et. al, 2013; Moya-Anegón, et al.,). This is a size-independent indicator. | |
8. Excellence with Leadership | Excellence with Leadership indicates the amount of documents in the Excellence rate in which the institution is the main contributor (Moya-Anegón, et al., 2013). This is a size-independent indicator. | |
9. Scientific talent pool | Total number of authors from an institution in the total publication output of that institution during a particular period of time. This indicator is size-dependent. | |
Innovation 创新 | 1. Innovative Knowledge 创新知识 | Scientific publication output from an institution cited in patents. Based on PATSTAT (http://www.epo.org). This indicator is size-dependent. 创新知识是指科研产出被专利文献应用的多少,该指标与产出量有关。 |
2.Technological Impact 技术影响 | Percentage of the scientific publication output cited in patents. 100% = output in areas cited in patents ( Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology; Chemical Engineering; Chemistry; Computer Science; Earth and Planetary Sciences; Energy; Engineering; Environmental Science; Health Professions; Immunology and Microbiology; Materials Science; Mathematics; Medicine; Multidisciplinary; Neuroscience; Nursing; Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics; Physics and Astronomy; Social Sciences; Veterinary). Based on PATSTAT (http://www.epo.org). This indicator is size-independent 技术影响是科研论著被专利文献应用的引用的百分比。100%是指科研论著被专利文献的多领域引用。其中包括农学与生物学;生物化学,遗传学及分子生物学;化学工程;化学;计算机科学;地球与行星科学;能源;工程;环境科学;医疗卫生;免疫学与微生物学;材料科学;数学;医学;综合科学;神经科学;护理学;药学,毒理学以及药剂学;物理学和天文学;社会科学,兽医学。该指标与产出量无关。 | |
Web 网络 | 1. Web size | Number of pages associated to the institution URL according to Google (https://www.google.com). This indicator is size-dependent. |
2. Domain’s inbound links | Number of incoming links to an institution domain according to ahrefs (https://ahrefs.com). This indicator is size-dependent. |
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