传统铜线局限性之一就是由于金属电阻引起的电线发热,而导致一部分电能由于导线发热而损失。然而,由超导材料组成的导线因为不存在电阻,所以可以传导电能更有效。而以前在超导材料方面的尝试已经证明,其脆性和成本昂贵是其致命弱点。但是,以色列特拉维夫大学(Tel Aviv University)的研究人员现在已经研制了一种新型的超导材料,他们声称,在同样粗细的情况下,超导电线携带的电能是铜线的40倍。
特拉维夫大学的研究团队他们研制的超导线,是由蓝宝石单晶光纤以及陶瓷混合物等制成。每根导线比人的头发略粗一些,尽管他们能转移大量的电,但是他们为了维持超导状态必须不断冷却。冷却的责任是由一自带冷却系统来完成,以廉价液氮作为制冷剂。Boaz Almog博士是特拉维夫大学的研究团队成员之一,是他们研发出超导电线,相信这项技术将会使遥远的可再生能源,传输到城市电网。高功率超导电缆占用空间少,载能效率高,是部署整个城市电网的理想材料。也可以实现以最有效的方法收集可再生能源如太阳能和风能。超导线也可以用于储能,使设备强化电网的稳定性。
Thermal
- Melting Point: 2053°C (3727°F)
- Maximum-Use Temperature: 2000°C
- Specific Heat: 0.18 cal/g-K (25°C), 0.3 cal/g-K (1000°C)
- Thermal Conductivity: 40 watts/m-K (25°C), 10 watts/m-K (1000°C)
- Thermal Expansion Coefficient (25 - 1000°C): 8.8 x 10-6 K-1 parallel to C-axis, 7.9 x 10-6 K-1 normal to C-axis
Physical/Mechanical
- Density: 3.97 g/cm3 (25°C)
- Young's Modulus (parallel to C axis): 435 GPa (63 x 106 psi) at 25°C, 386 GPa (56 x 106 psi) at 1000°C
- Shear Modulus: 175 GPa (26 x 106 psi)
- Poisson's Ratio: 0.27 - 0.30
- Flexural Strength: 1035 MPa (150 ksi) parallel to C axis (25°C), 760 MPa (110 ksi) normal to C axis (25°C)
- Compressive Strength: 2 GPa (300 ksi) 25°C
- Hardness: 9 Moh's scale. 1900 Knoop (parallel to C axis), 2200 Knoop (normal to C axis)
Optical
- Uniaxial Negative Refractive Index (parallel to C axis): Ordinary ray No = 1.768, Extraordinary ray Ne = 1.760, Birefringence = 0.0087
- Temperature Coefficient of Refractive Index: 13 x 10-6 K-1 (visible range)
- Spectral Emittance: 0.1 (1600°C)
- Spectral Absorption Coefficient: 0.1 - 0.2 cm-1 (25 - 1600°C)
Electrical
- Volume Resistivity (ohm-m): 1016 at 25°C, 1010 at 500°C, 107 at 1000°C
- Dielectric Strength: 480,000 volts/cm (1,200 volts/mil)
- Dielectric Constant (25°C, 103 - 109 Hz): 11.5 parallel to C axis; 9.3 normal to C axis
- Loss Tangent (< 1010Hz, 25°C): 8.6 x 10-5 parallel to C axis, 3.0 x 10-5 normal to C axis
- Magnetic Susceptibility: 0.21 x 10-6 parallel to C axis; 0.25 x 10-6 normal to C axis
Chemical
- Weathering Resistance: Unaffected by atmospheric exposure
- Sea Water Resistance: Unaffected by marine exposure
- Biological Resistance: Unaffected by in-vivo exposure; non-thrombogenic; non-reactive with body fluids
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