想要降低中风风险？研究人员发现了简单的秘诀

诸平

Researchers found that doing lighter-intensity daily activities such as household chores can significantly reduce the risk of stroke.

据美国圣地亚哥州立大学（San Diego State University简称SDSU）2022年6月9日提供的消息，研究人员发现了简单的降低中风风险的秘密。比如做家务等低强度的日常活动都可以显著降低中风风险（Want To Reduce Stroke Risk? Researchers Discover Simple Secret）。

圣地亚哥州立大学（SDSU）的一项研究表明，吸尘、拖地、遛狗或玩接球等活动可能足以避免中风。

中风可能非常严重。据美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）统计，2020年心血管疾病死亡人数中有六分之一是由中风引起的。此外，在美国，每40秒就会有一人中风，每3.5分钟就会有一人死于中风。总的来说，美国大约有79.5万人患有中风。

人们可以做些什么来降低中风的风险？幸运的是，新的研究有一个简单的答案。

想象一下，每天背靠背看四次《蝙蝠侠》（The Batman）电影，或者每天上下班路上开车390英里。无论是不舒服的选择，都需要大约12个小时，或者与大多数美国人每天坐着的时间相同。

人类长期不活动的危险后果是众所周知的。久坐会增加患心脏病、2型糖尿病和其他慢性病（包括抑郁症）的风险。为了抵消久坐生活方式的严重副作用，医生建议成年人每周至少完成150分钟的中度至剧烈有氧运动（aerobic exercise）。

医生发现，每天做家务也可以显著降低中风的风险。圣地亚哥州立大学发表在《美国医学会杂志》（Journal of the American Medical Association，JAMA Network Open）上的一项新研究发现，做家务等低强度的日常活动可以显著降低中风风险——Steven P. Hooker， Keith M. Diaz， Steven N. Blair， Natalie Colabianchi， Brent Hutto， Michelle N. McDonnell， John E. Vena， Virginia J. Howard. Association of Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Time and Physical Activity With Risk of Stroke Among US Adults. JAMA Network Open, 2022, 5(6): e2215385. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.15385. Published: June 3, 2022. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2792959

参与此项研究的除了来自圣地亚哥州立大学的研究人员之外，还有来自美国哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心（Columbia University Irving Medical Center）、美国南卡罗莱纳大学（University of South Carolina）、美国密歇根大学（University of Michigan）、美国南卡罗莱纳医科大学（Medical University of South Carolina）、美国阿拉巴马大学伯明翰分校 （University of Alabama at Birmingham）以及南澳大利亚莫德伯里的北阿德莱德地方健康网（Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, Modbury, South Australia）的研究人员。

SDSU健康与公共服务学院（SDSU’s College of Health and Human Services）院长、队列研究（cohort study）首席研究员史蒂文·胡克（Steven Hooker）说：“轻强度体力活动（Light-intensity physical activity）可以包括吸尘、扫地、洗车、闲逛、拉伸或玩接球。我们观察到，体力活动和独立久坐都会影响中风风险。我们的研究表明，预防中风的策略应该关注这两个方面。”

史蒂文·胡克和他的研究同事测量了7600名45岁及以上成年人的久坐时间和体力活动的持续时间和强度，然后将数据与七年来参与者的中风发病率进行了比较。

他们发现那些每天久坐13小时或以上的人患中风的风险增加了44%。

史蒂文·胡克说：“这一发现更有说服力，因为活动和久坐行为是用加速计测量的，提供的数据比以前依靠自我报告测量的研究要准确得多。”史蒂文·胡克曾是美国加州积极老龄化项目（California Active Aging Project）的协调员，有研究老年人健康生活方式的历史。

研究参与者佩戴一个安装在臀部的加速计，这是一种灵敏的运动检测器，可以精确记录身体活动以及坐姿和不活动的持续时间。

尽管智能手机和智能手表勇敢地试图激励美国人多运动，但令人震惊的是，仍有相当比例的成年人运动不足。美国疾病预防与控制中心（CDC）报告称，只有23%的美国成年人符合每周有氧和肌肉强化活动的建议（meet the weekly recommendations）。

但是，如果一天走10万步或关闭手表上的健身环似乎遥不可及，胡克说，起床并在一天中做几次甚至十分钟的轻度到中度的体力活动，都是减少中风可能性的有效策略。

史蒂文·胡克说：“为了心脏和大脑的整体健康，多活动，少坐。”

这项研究由美国国家神经障碍和中风研究所（National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke简称NINDS）和国家衰老研究所（National Institute of Aging）资助。

上述介绍，仅供参考。欲了解更多信息，敬请注意浏览原文或者相关报道。

https://scitechdaily.com/want-to-reduce-stroke-risk-researchers-discover-simple-secret/

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2792959

Key Points

Question  Are physical activity of varying intensity and duration and time spent in sedentary behavior associated with risk of incident stroke in middle-aged and older US adults?

Findings  In this cohort study of 7607 adults, greater accumulation of light-intensity and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity were both associated with a reduced risk of stroke. Greater time spent being sedentary and longer bouts of sedentary time were associated with a higher risk of stroke.

Meaning  This study’s findings suggest that more time spent being physically active, especially at moderate intensities, and less time spent being sedentary, particularly in longer bouts, may help reduce the risk of stroke.

Abstract

Importance  The amount and intensity of physical activity required to prevent stroke are yet to be fully determined because of previous reliance on self-reporting measures. Furthermore, the association between objectively measured time spent being sedentary as an independent risk factor for stroke is unknown.

Objective  To investigate the associations of accelerometer-measured sedentary time and physical activity of varying intensity and duration with the risk of incident stroke.

Design, Setting, and Participants  This cohort study involved participants who were enrolled in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study from February 5, 2003, to October 30, 2007. Accelerometer data were collected from 7607 Black and White adults 45 years or older in the contiguous US between May 12, 2009, and January 5, 2013. Data on other races and ethnicities were not collected for scientific and clinical reasons. By design, Black adults and residents of the southeastern US stroke belt and stroke buckle were oversampled. Data were analyzed from May 5, 2020, to November 11, 2021.

Exposures  Sedentary time, light-intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were measured using a hip-mounted accelerometer worn for 7 consecutive days and stratified by tertile for the analyses.