||
治疗新突破:帮助免疫系统寻找并摧毁癌细胞
诸平
图1 新疗法对肿瘤的影响图示
据英国南安普敦大学(University of Southampton)2021年7月26日提供的消息,意大利、德国、英国以及马来西亚的研究人员合作,确定了一种潜在的治疗新方法,可以提高人体免疫系统寻找和破坏体内癌细胞的能力。科学家们已经确定了此种方法来限制一组调节免疫系统的细胞的活动,这反过来又可以释放其它免疫细胞来攻击癌症患者的肿瘤。相关研究结果已经于2021年7月26日在《美国国家科学院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, PNAS)网站发表——Alessandro Poli, Shidqiyyah Abdul-Hamid, Antonio Enrico Zaurito, Francesca Campagnoli,Valeria Bevilacqua, Bhavwanti Sheth, Roberta Fiume, Massimiliano Pagani, Sergio Abrignani, Nullin Divecha. PIP4Ks impact on PI3K, FOXP3, and UHRF1 signaling and modulate human regulatory T cell proliferation and immunosuppressive activity. PNAS August 3, 2021, 118(31): e2010053118. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010053118. https://www.pnas.org/content/118/31/e2010053118
参与此项研究的有来自意大利癌症研究基金会分子肿瘤学研究所(Italian Foundation for Cancer Research Institute of Molecular Oncology)、意大利国家分子遗传学研究所(National Institute of Molecular Genetics)、英国南安普敦大学(University of Southampton)、马来西亚国际伊斯兰大学(International Islamic University Malaysia)、德国慕尼黑理工大学(Technische Universität München)、意大利热那亚大学(University of Genova)、意大利博洛尼亚大学(University of Bologna)以及意大利米兰大学(University of Milan)的研究人员。上述图片是有南安普敦大学提供的图解释对肿瘤的影响。
领导这项研究的南安普敦大学细胞信号传导教授 Nullin Divecha 解释说:“患者的免疫系统不仅能够检测和清除癌细胞,而且免疫疗法最近已成为许多不同类型癌症的新疗法。然而,癌细胞可以在肿瘤内产生一个微环境,阻止免疫系统工作,从而限制免疫疗法的普遍使用和成功。”
免疫系统对癌细胞的检测和清除部分由一组称为 Teffector 细胞 (Teffector cells简称Teffs) 的细胞进行。Teff 细胞在检测和去除癌细胞方面的工作效果部分取决于其他称为 T 调节细胞(T-regulatory cells),或简称Tregs的T细胞。Tregs与Teff 细胞发生物理相互作用并产生降低 Teff 细胞正常工作能力的分子。
Nullin Divecha教授补充说:“Tregs 在人体中发挥着重要作用,因为没有它们,免疫系统就会失控并攻击身体的正常细胞。然而,在癌症患者中,我们需要给 Teff 细胞更多的自由来完成它们的工作。”
肿瘤细胞释放的分子通过吸引和积累Treg使问题复杂化,进一步降低了Teff细胞的活性和功能。确实存在抑制Treg细胞的机制,但是由于Treg和Teff细胞非常相似,这些通常也会导致Teff细胞的抑制。在这项发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的新研究中,来自南安普敦大学和米兰国家分子遗传学研究所的科学家们表明,抑制细胞中称为PIP4K的酶家族可能是如何在不影响Teffs的情况下限制Tregs的答案。
研究小组从健康供体中分离出Tregs,并使用遗传技术抑制PIP4K蛋白(PIP4K proteins)的产生。他们观察到 Treg细胞中PIP4K的丢失会阻止它们生长和对免疫信号做出反应,从而阻止它们阻断Teff细胞的生长和功能。
重要的是,Teff细胞中相同酶的丧失并没有限制它们的活性。
上述论文的第一作者,也是进行此实验研究的 Alessandro Poli 博士说:“这令人惊讶,因为PIP4K以相似的浓度存在于两种类型的T细胞中,但我们的研究表明,它们对Tregs的功能似乎比Teffectors更重要。”抑制PIP4K作为患者的潜在治疗方法需要开发抑制分子。“为此,我们表明用PIP4K抑制剂等药物治疗可以使免疫系统(immune system)发挥更强大的功能,并更好地破坏肿瘤细胞(tumor cells)。”上述介绍,仅供参考。欲了解更多信息敬请注意浏览原文或者相关报道。
PIP4Ks are druggable lipid kinases critical in cancer biology whose function in human immunity remains unknown. Here, we show that PIP4Ks specifically control the growth and activity of a subset of human immune cells called Tregs, isolated from the blood of healthy donors. Tregs function to exquisitely control the strength of the immune response. If the immune response is too strong, this can trigger autoimmune disease insurgence, while weak responses can lead to increased infections or enable tumor cell growth. Being able to selectively control Treg activity would impact the strength of immune responses and ultimately how we treat human diseases. Accordingly, we show that a drug-like inhibitor of PIP4K can be used to control Treg cell activity.
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play fundamental roles in maintaining peripheral tolerance to prevent autoimmunity and limit legitimate immune responses, a feature hijacked in tumor microenvironments in which the recruitment of Tregs often extinguishes immune surveillance through suppression of T-effector cell signaling and tumor cell killing. The pharmacological tuning of Treg activity without impacting on T conventional (Tconv) cell activity would likely be beneficial in the treatment of various human pathologies. PIP4K2A, 2B, and 2C constitute a family of lipid kinases that phosphorylate PtdIns5P to PtdIns(4,5)P2. They are involved in stress signaling, act as synthetic lethal targets in p53-null tumors, and in mice, the loss of PIP4K2C leads to late onset hyperinflammation. Accordingly, a human single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) near the PIP4K2C gene is linked with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. How PIP4Ks impact on human T cell signaling is not known. Using ex vivo human primary T cells, we found that PIP4K activity is required for Treg cell signaling and immunosuppressive activity. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of PIP4K in Tregs reduces signaling through the PI3K, mTORC1/S6, and MAPK pathways, impairs cell proliferation, and increases activation-induced cell death while sparing Tconv. PIP4K and PI3K signaling regulate the expression of the Treg master transcriptional activator FOXP3 and the epigenetic signaling protein Ubiquitin-like containing PHD and RING finger domains 1 (UHRF1). Our studies suggest that the pharmacological inhibition of PIP4K can reprogram human Treg identity while leaving Tconv cell signaling and T-helper differentiation to largely intact potentially enhancing overall immunological activity.
Archiver|手机版|科学网 ( 京ICP备07017567号-12 )
GMT+8, 2024-11-24 19:25
Powered by ScienceNet.cn
Copyright © 2007- 中国科学报社