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世界搜索引擎巨头联合打造语义技术标准，开创语义万维网新纪元
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最近，世界三大搜索引擎巨头谷歌，雅虎，和微软的必应共同宣布新的语义搜索的技术标准，
开创了语义万维网技术的新纪元。由于这些重量级的工业界的介入，使得语义万维网的研究和开发从
今年6月份开始步入了一个新纪元。
这三大搜索引擎公司联合发布的语义标准称为schema.org,它提供了在现有的HTML语言的基础上，如何对网页进行语义标注的基本词汇表。在首先发布的四百多个语义词汇表中，涉及了人们常用的范畴，包括时间，地点，事件，价格，和媒体类型的描述。
可惜的是，许多中国学者包括中国工业界近十年来对语义万维网技术一直在观望。世界搜索引擎巨头的行动，又一次把中国人多数使用的百度凉在一旁。还好的是，他们所作的只是打造英文网页世界的对应标准。中国人可以在现有的语义万维网的研究基础上，开发符合中文需要的面向搜索引擎的语义标准。我们相信，中国人这次不会拉得太远。
可以预见，在较短的时间内，许多网页将会采用这个新的语义词汇来标注自己的内容，以便被搜索引擎更准确地索引，从而让人们更快更精准地搜索到。同时也为信息搜索的自动化提供了基础。可以相信，一个以语义技术为核心技术的Web3.0时代已经开始了。
下面是schema.org首批发布的语义词汇层次表：
Thing: name, url, image, description
| CreativeWork: encodings, headline, keywords, about, datePublished
| author, contentRating, inLanguage, audio, video
| genre, editor, awards, publisher, isFamilyFriendly
| contentLocation, interactionCount, aggregateRating, offers, reviews
| | Article: articleSection, articleBody
| | | BlogPosting
| | | NewsArticle
| | | ScholarlyArticle
| | Blog: blogPosts
| | Book: illustrator, bookEdition, bookFormat, numberOfPages, isbn
| | ItemList: itemListElement
| | Map
| | MediaObject: encodesCreativeWork, width, height, regionsAllowed, embedURL
| | bitrate, encodingFormat, playerType, duration, expires
| | contentURL, requiresSubscription, uploadDate, contentSize, interactionCount
| | offers
| | | AudioObject
| | | ImageObject: thumbnail, representativeOfPage, caption, exifData
| | | MusicVideoObject
| | | VideoObject: thumbnail, productionCompany, caption, videoQuality, videoFrameSize
| | Movie: duration, director, actors, producer, trailer
| | productionCompany, musicBy
| | MusicPlaylist: tracks, numTracks
| | | MusicAlbum: byArtist
| | MusicRecording: duration, byArtist, inAlbum, inPlaylist
| | Painting
| | Photograph
| | Recipe: prepTime, cookTime, cookingMethod, totalTime, nutrition
| | ingredients, recipeInstructions, recipeYield, recipeCuisine, recipeCategory
| | Review: reviewBody, itemReviewed, reviewRating
| | Sculpture
| | TVEpisode: director, actors, producer, trailer, productionCompany
| | partOfTVSeries, partOfSeason, episodeNumber, musicBy
| | TVSeason: trailer, episodes, partOfTVSeries, seasonNumber, numberOfEpisodes
| | startDate, endDate
| | TVSeries: director, actors, producer, trailer, productionCompany
| | episodes, seasons, numberOfEpisodes, musicBy, startDate
| | endDate
| | WebPage: breadcrumb, mainContentOfPage, primaryImageOfPage, isPartOf, significantLinks
| | | AboutPage
| | | CheckoutPage
| | | CollectionPage
| | | | ImageGallery
| | | | VideoGallery
| | | ContactPage
| | | ItemPage
| | | ProfilePage
| | | SearchResultsPage
| | WebPageElement
| | | SiteNavigationElement
| | | Table
| | | WPAdBlock
| | | WPFooter
| | | WPHeader
| | | WPSideBar
| Event: duration, location, startDate, endDate, performers
| attendees, subEvents, superEvent, offers
| | BusinessEvent
| | ChildrensEvent
| | ComedyEvent
| | DanceEvent
| | EducationEvent
| | Festival
| | FoodEvent
| | LiteraryEvent
| | MusicEvent
| | SaleEvent
| | SocialEvent
| | SportsEvent
| | TheaterEvent
| | UserInteraction
| | | UserBlocks
| | | UserCheckins
| | | UserComments
| | | UserDownloads
| | | UserLikes
| | | UserPageVisits
| | | UserPlays
| | | UserPlusOnes
| | | UserTweets
| | VisualArtsEvent
| Intangible
| | Enumeration
| | | BookFormatType
| | | ItemAvailability
| | | OfferItemCondition
| | Language
| | Offer: aggregateRating, reviews, price, priceCurrency, priceValidUntil
| | seller, itemCondition, availability, itemOffered
| | | AggregateOffer: lowPrice, highPrice, offerCount
| | Quantity
| | | Distance
| | | Duration
| | | Energy
| | | Mass
| | Rating: bestRating, worstRating, ratingValue
| | | AggregateRating: itemReviewed, ratingCount, reviewCount
| | StructuredValue
| | | ContactPoint: email, telephone, faxNumber, contactType
| | | | PostalAddress: streetAddress, addressLocality, addressRegion, postalCode, postOfficeBoxNumber
| | | | addressCountry
| | | GeoCoordinates: latitude, longitude, elevation
| | | NutritionInformation: servingSize, calories, fatContent, saturatedFatContent, unsaturatedFatContent
| | | transFatContent, carbohydrateContent, sugarContent, fiberContent, proteinContent
| | | cholesterolContent, sodiumContent
| Organization: interactionCount, location, employees, members, foundingDate
| founders, contactPoints, email, events, address
| telephone, faxNumber, aggregateRating, reviews
| | Corporation
| | EducationalOrganization: alumni
| | | CollegeOrUniversity
| | | ElementarySchool
| | | HighSchool
| | | MiddleSchool
| | | Preschool
| | | School
| | GovernmentOrganization
| | LocalBusiness: branchOf, openingHours, paymentAccepted, currenciesAccepted, priceRange
| | | AnimalShelter
| | | AutomotiveBusiness
| | | | AutoBodyShop
| | | | AutoDealer
| | | | AutoPartsStore
| | | | AutoRental
| | | | AutoRepair
| | | | AutoWash
| | | | GasStation
| | | | MotorcycleDealer
| | | | MotorcycleRepair
| | | ChildCare
| | | DryCleaningOrLaundry
| | | EmergencyService
| | | | FireStation
| | | | Hospital
| | | | PoliceStation
| | | EmploymentAgency
| | | EntertainmentBusiness
| | | | AdultEntertainment
| | | | AmusementPark
| | | | ArtGallery
| | | | Casino
| | | | ComedyClub
| | | | MovieTheater
| | | | NightClub
| | | FinancialService
| | | | AccountingService
| | | | AutomatedTeller
| | | | BankOrCreditUnion
| | | | InsuranceAgency
| | | FoodEstablishment: menu, acceptsReservations, servesCuisine
| | | | Bakery
| | | | BarOrPub
| | | | Brewery
| | | | CafeOrCoffeeShop
| | | | FastFoodRestaurant
| | | | IceCreamShop
| | | | Restaurant
| | | | Winery
| | | GovernmentOffice
| | | | PostOffice
| | | HealthAndBeautyBusiness
| | | | BeautySalon
| | | | DaySpa
| | | | HairSalon
| | | | HealthClub
| | | | NailSalon
| | | | TattooParlor
| | | HomeAndConstructionBusiness
| | | | Electrician
| | | | GeneralContractor
| | | | HVACBusiness
| | | | HousePainter
| | | | Locksmith
| | | | MovingCompany
| | | | Plumber
| | | | RoofingContractor
| | | InternetCafe
| | | Library
| | | LodgingBusiness
| | | | BedAndBreakfast
| | | | Hostel
| | | | Hotel
| | | | Motel
| | | MedicalOrganization
| | | | Dentist
| | | | Hospital*
| | | | MedicalClinic
| | | | Optician
| | | | Pharmacy
| | | | Physician
| | | | VeterinaryCare
| | | ProfessionalService
| | | | AccountingService*
| | | | Attorney
| | | | Dentist*
| | | | Electrician*
| | | | GeneralContractor*
| | | | HousePainter*
| | | | Locksmith*
| | | | Notary
| | | | Plumber*
| | | | RoofingContractor*
| | | RadioStation
| | | RealEstateAgent
| | | RecyclingCenter
| | | SelfStorage
| | | ShoppingCenter
| | | SportsActivityLocation
| | | | BowlingAlley
| | | | ExerciseGym
| | | | GolfCourse
| | | | HealthClub*
| | | | PublicSwimmingPool
| | | | SkiResort
| | | | SportsClub
| | | | StadiumOrArena
| | | | TennisComplex
| | | Store
| | | | AutoPartsStore*
| | | | BikeStore
| | | | BookStore
| | | | ClothingStore
| | | | ComputerStore
| | | | ConvenienceStore
| | | | DepartmentStore
| | | | ElectronicsStore
| | | | Florist
| | | | FurnitureStore
| | | | GardenStore
| | | | GroceryStore
| | | | HardwareStore
| | | | HobbyShop
| | | | HomeGoodsStore
| | | | JewelryStore
| | | | LiquorStore
| | | | MensClothingStore
| | | | MobilePhoneStore
| | | | MovieRentalStore
| | | | MusicStore
| | | | OfficeEquipmentStore
| | | | OutletStore
| | | | PawnShop
| | | | PetStore
| | | | ShoeStore
| | | | SportingGoodsStore
| | | | TireShop
| | | | ToyStore
| | | | WholesaleStore
| | | TelevisionStation
| | | TouristInformationCenter
| | | TravelAgency
| | NGO
| | PerformingGroup
| | | DanceGroup
| | | MusicGroup: musicGroupMember, tracks, albums
| | | TheaterGroup
| | SportsTeam
| Person: awards, interactionCount, jobTitle, affiliation, worksFor
| alumniOf, memberOf, contactPoints, workLocation, homeLocation
| gender, email, birthDate, deathDate, nationality
| relatedTo, spouse, parents, children, siblings
| colleagues, knows, performerIn, follows, address
| telephone, faxNumber
| Place: interactionCount, containedIn, photos, geo, events
| maps, address, telephone, faxNumber, aggregateRating
| reviews
| | AdministrativeArea
| | | City
| | | Country
| | | State
| | CivicStructure: openingHours
| | | Airport
| | | Aquarium
| | | Beach
| | | BusStation
| | | BusStop
| | | Campground
| | | Cemetery
| | | Crematorium
| | | EventVenue
| | | FireStation*
| | | GovernmentBuilding
| | | | CityHall
| | | | Courthouse
| | | | DefenceEstablishment
| | | | Embassy
| | | | LegislativeBuilding
| | | Hospital*
| | | MovieTheater*
| | | Museum
| | | MusicVenue
| | | Park
| | | ParkingFacility
| | | PerformingArtsTheater
| | | PlaceOfWorship
| | | | BuddhistTemple
| | | | CatholicChurch
| | | | Church
| | | | HinduTemple
| | | | Mosque
| | | | Synagogue
| | | Playground
| | | PoliceStation*
| | | RVPark
| | | StadiumOrArena*
| | | SubwayStation
| | | TaxiStand
| | | TrainStation
| | | Zoo
| | Landform
| | | BodyOfWater
| | | | Canal
| | | | LakeBodyOfWater
| | | | OceanBodyOfWater
| | | | Pond
| | | | Reservoir
| | | | RiverBodyOfWater
| | | | SeaBodyOfWater
| | | | Waterfall
| | | Continent
| | | Mountain
| | | Volcano
| | LandmarksOrHistoricalBuildings
| | LocalBusiness*
| | Residence
| | | ApartmentComplex
| | | GatedResidenceCommunity
| | | SingleFamilyResidence
| | TouristAttraction
| Product: brand, model, aggregateRating, productID, manufacturer
| offers, reviews
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-211188-464298.html
上一篇：如何学习现代逻辑
下一篇：今天，我感受到当老师的许多快乐
开创了语义万维网技术的新纪元。由于这些重量级的工业界的介入，使得语义万维网的研究和开发从
今年6月份开始步入了一个新纪元。
这三大搜索引擎公司联合发布的语义标准称为schema.org,它提供了在现有的HTML语言的基础上，如何对网页进行语义标注的基本词汇表。在首先发布的四百多个语义词汇表中，涉及了人们常用的范畴，包括时间，地点，事件，价格，和媒体类型的描述。
可惜的是，许多中国学者包括中国工业界近十年来对语义万维网技术一直在观望。世界搜索引擎巨头的行动，又一次把中国人多数使用的百度凉在一旁。还好的是，他们所作的只是打造英文网页世界的对应标准。中国人可以在现有的语义万维网的研究基础上，开发符合中文需要的面向搜索引擎的语义标准。我们相信，中国人这次不会拉得太远。
可以预见，在较短的时间内，许多网页将会采用这个新的语义词汇来标注自己的内容，以便被搜索引擎更准确地索引，从而让人们更快更精准地搜索到。同时也为信息搜索的自动化提供了基础。可以相信，一个以语义技术为核心技术的Web3.0时代已经开始了。
下面是schema.org首批发布的语义词汇层次表：
Thing: name, url, image, description
| CreativeWork: encodings, headline, keywords, about, datePublished
| author, contentRating, inLanguage, audio, video
| genre, editor, awards, publisher, isFamilyFriendly
| contentLocation, interactionCount, aggregateRating, offers, reviews
| | Article: articleSection, articleBody
| | | BlogPosting
| | | NewsArticle
| | | ScholarlyArticle
| | Blog: blogPosts
| | Book: illustrator, bookEdition, bookFormat, numberOfPages, isbn
| | ItemList: itemListElement
| | Map
| | MediaObject: encodesCreativeWork, width, height, regionsAllowed, embedURL
| | bitrate, encodingFormat, playerType, duration, expires
| | contentURL, requiresSubscription, uploadDate, contentSize, interactionCount
| | offers
| | | AudioObject
| | | ImageObject: thumbnail, representativeOfPage, caption, exifData
| | | MusicVideoObject
| | | VideoObject: thumbnail, productionCompany, caption, videoQuality, videoFrameSize
| | Movie: duration, director, actors, producer, trailer
| | productionCompany, musicBy
| | MusicPlaylist: tracks, numTracks
| | | MusicAlbum: byArtist
| | MusicRecording: duration, byArtist, inAlbum, inPlaylist
| | Painting
| | Photograph
| | Recipe: prepTime, cookTime, cookingMethod, totalTime, nutrition
| | ingredients, recipeInstructions, recipeYield, recipeCuisine, recipeCategory
| | Review: reviewBody, itemReviewed, reviewRating
| | Sculpture
| | TVEpisode: director, actors, producer, trailer, productionCompany
| | partOfTVSeries, partOfSeason, episodeNumber, musicBy
| | TVSeason: trailer, episodes, partOfTVSeries, seasonNumber, numberOfEpisodes
| | startDate, endDate
| | TVSeries: director, actors, producer, trailer, productionCompany
| | episodes, seasons, numberOfEpisodes, musicBy, startDate
| | endDate
| | WebPage: breadcrumb, mainContentOfPage, primaryImageOfPage, isPartOf, significantLinks
| | | AboutPage
| | | CheckoutPage
| | | CollectionPage
| | | | ImageGallery
| | | | VideoGallery
| | | ContactPage
| | | ItemPage
| | | ProfilePage
| | | SearchResultsPage
| | WebPageElement
| | | SiteNavigationElement
| | | Table
| | | WPAdBlock
| | | WPFooter
| | | WPHeader
| | | WPSideBar
| Event: duration, location, startDate, endDate, performers
| attendees, subEvents, superEvent, offers
| | BusinessEvent
| | ChildrensEvent
| | ComedyEvent
| | DanceEvent
| | EducationEvent
| | Festival
| | FoodEvent
| | LiteraryEvent
| | MusicEvent
| | SaleEvent
| | SocialEvent
| | SportsEvent
| | TheaterEvent
| | UserInteraction
| | | UserBlocks
| | | UserCheckins
| | | UserComments
| | | UserDownloads
| | | UserLikes
| | | UserPageVisits
| | | UserPlays
| | | UserPlusOnes
| | | UserTweets
| | VisualArtsEvent
| Intangible
| | Enumeration
| | | BookFormatType
| | | ItemAvailability
| | | OfferItemCondition
| | Language
| | Offer: aggregateRating, reviews, price, priceCurrency, priceValidUntil
| | seller, itemCondition, availability, itemOffered
| | | AggregateOffer: lowPrice, highPrice, offerCount
| | Quantity
| | | Distance
| | | Duration
| | | Energy
| | | Mass
| | Rating: bestRating, worstRating, ratingValue
| | | AggregateRating: itemReviewed, ratingCount, reviewCount
| | StructuredValue
| | | ContactPoint: email, telephone, faxNumber, contactType
| | | | PostalAddress: streetAddress, addressLocality, addressRegion, postalCode, postOfficeBoxNumber
| | | | addressCountry
| | | GeoCoordinates: latitude, longitude, elevation
| | | NutritionInformation: servingSize, calories, fatContent, saturatedFatContent, unsaturatedFatContent
| | | transFatContent, carbohydrateContent, sugarContent, fiberContent, proteinContent
| | | cholesterolContent, sodiumContent
| Organization: interactionCount, location, employees, members, foundingDate
| founders, contactPoints, email, events, address
| telephone, faxNumber, aggregateRating, reviews
| | Corporation
| | EducationalOrganization: alumni
| | | CollegeOrUniversity
| | | ElementarySchool
| | | HighSchool
| | | MiddleSchool
| | | Preschool
| | | School
| | GovernmentOrganization
| | LocalBusiness: branchOf, openingHours, paymentAccepted, currenciesAccepted, priceRange
| | | AnimalShelter
| | | AutomotiveBusiness
| | | | AutoBodyShop
| | | | AutoDealer
| | | | AutoPartsStore
| | | | AutoRental
| | | | AutoRepair
| | | | AutoWash
| | | | GasStation
| | | | MotorcycleDealer
| | | | MotorcycleRepair
| | | ChildCare
| | | DryCleaningOrLaundry
| | | EmergencyService
| | | | FireStation
| | | | Hospital
| | | | PoliceStation
| | | EmploymentAgency
| | | EntertainmentBusiness
| | | | AdultEntertainment
| | | | AmusementPark
| | | | ArtGallery
| | | | Casino
| | | | ComedyClub
| | | | MovieTheater
| | | | NightClub
| | | FinancialService
| | | | AccountingService
| | | | AutomatedTeller
| | | | BankOrCreditUnion
| | | | InsuranceAgency
| | | FoodEstablishment: menu, acceptsReservations, servesCuisine
| | | | Bakery
| | | | BarOrPub
| | | | Brewery
| | | | CafeOrCoffeeShop
| | | | FastFoodRestaurant
| | | | IceCreamShop
| | | | Restaurant
| | | | Winery
| | | GovernmentOffice
| | | | PostOffice
| | | HealthAndBeautyBusiness
| | | | BeautySalon
| | | | DaySpa
| | | | HairSalon
| | | | HealthClub
| | | | NailSalon
| | | | TattooParlor
| | | HomeAndConstructionBusiness
| | | | Electrician
| | | | GeneralContractor
| | | | HVACBusiness
| | | | HousePainter
| | | | Locksmith
| | | | MovingCompany
| | | | Plumber
| | | | RoofingContractor
| | | InternetCafe
| | | Library
| | | LodgingBusiness
| | | | BedAndBreakfast
| | | | Hostel
| | | | Hotel
| | | | Motel
| | | MedicalOrganization
| | | | Dentist
| | | | Hospital*
| | | | MedicalClinic
| | | | Optician
| | | | Pharmacy
| | | | Physician
| | | | VeterinaryCare
| | | ProfessionalService
| | | | AccountingService*
| | | | Attorney
| | | | Dentist*
| | | | Electrician*
| | | | GeneralContractor*
| | | | HousePainter*
| | | | Locksmith*
| | | | Notary
| | | | Plumber*
| | | | RoofingContractor*
| | | RadioStation
| | | RealEstateAgent
| | | RecyclingCenter
| | | SelfStorage
| | | ShoppingCenter
| | | SportsActivityLocation
| | | | BowlingAlley
| | | | ExerciseGym
| | | | GolfCourse
| | | | HealthClub*
| | | | PublicSwimmingPool
| | | | SkiResort
| | | | SportsClub
| | | | StadiumOrArena
| | | | TennisComplex
| | | Store
| | | | AutoPartsStore*
| | | | BikeStore
| | | | BookStore
| | | | ClothingStore
| | | | ComputerStore
| | | | ConvenienceStore
| | | | DepartmentStore
| | | | ElectronicsStore
| | | | Florist
| | | | FurnitureStore
| | | | GardenStore
| | | | GroceryStore
| | | | HardwareStore
| | | | HobbyShop
| | | | HomeGoodsStore
| | | | JewelryStore
| | | | LiquorStore
| | | | MensClothingStore
| | | | MobilePhoneStore
| | | | MovieRentalStore
| | | | MusicStore
| | | | OfficeEquipmentStore
| | | | OutletStore
| | | | PawnShop
| | | | PetStore
| | | | ShoeStore
| | | | SportingGoodsStore
| | | | TireShop
| | | | ToyStore
| | | | WholesaleStore
| | | TelevisionStation
| | | TouristInformationCenter
| | | TravelAgency
| | NGO
| | PerformingGroup
| | | DanceGroup
| | | MusicGroup: musicGroupMember, tracks, albums
| | | TheaterGroup
| | SportsTeam
| Person: awards, interactionCount, jobTitle, affiliation, worksFor
| alumniOf, memberOf, contactPoints, workLocation, homeLocation
| gender, email, birthDate, deathDate, nationality
| relatedTo, spouse, parents, children, siblings
| colleagues, knows, performerIn, follows, address
| telephone, faxNumber
| Place: interactionCount, containedIn, photos, geo, events
| maps, address, telephone, faxNumber, aggregateRating
| reviews
| | AdministrativeArea
| | | City
| | | Country
| | | State
| | CivicStructure: openingHours
| | | Airport
| | | Aquarium
| | | Beach
| | | BusStation
| | | BusStop
| | | Campground
| | | Cemetery
| | | Crematorium
| | | EventVenue
| | | FireStation*
| | | GovernmentBuilding
| | | | CityHall
| | | | Courthouse
| | | | DefenceEstablishment
| | | | Embassy
| | | | LegislativeBuilding
| | | Hospital*
| | | MovieTheater*
| | | Museum
| | | MusicVenue
| | | Park
| | | ParkingFacility
| | | PerformingArtsTheater
| | | PlaceOfWorship
| | | | BuddhistTemple
| | | | CatholicChurch
| | | | Church
| | | | HinduTemple
| | | | Mosque
| | | | Synagogue
| | | Playground
| | | PoliceStation*
| | | RVPark
| | | StadiumOrArena*
| | | SubwayStation
| | | TaxiStand
| | | TrainStation
| | | Zoo
| | Landform
| | | BodyOfWater
| | | | Canal
| | | | LakeBodyOfWater
| | | | OceanBodyOfWater
| | | | Pond
| | | | Reservoir
| | | | RiverBodyOfWater
| | | | SeaBodyOfWater
| | | | Waterfall
| | | Continent
| | | Mountain
| | | Volcano
| | LandmarksOrHistoricalBuildings
| | LocalBusiness*
| | Residence
| | | ApartmentComplex
| | | GatedResidenceCommunity
| | | SingleFamilyResidence
| | TouristAttraction
| Product: brand, model, aggregateRating, productID, manufacturer
| offers, reviews
https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-211188-464298.html
上一篇：如何学习现代逻辑
下一篇：今天，我感受到当老师的许多快乐
